Rapid Compression Machine for Real-Time Fuel Property Analysis

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Solution Overview

Problem

Internal combustion engines using gaseous fuel face challenges in accurately adapting to varying fuel compositions, as estimated fuel properties may differ from actual properties, and mixing different fuels complicates property evaluation, leading to inefficiencies and potential knocking issues.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating a rapid compression machine as an analysing unit within the engine system to directly measure fuel properties by auto-igniting the gaseous fuel and using this information to adjust engine control parameters, such as ignition timing and fuel/air ratio, while matching analysing unit environment conditions to engine conditions for precise control.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If fuel properties are calculated based on composition information from the fuel provider, then engine control parameters can be adjusted, but the calculated properties may vary from actual properties leading to control inaccuracies

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefuel property accuracyVSAvoidcontrol system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the conventional calculation-based fuel property assessment with a rapid compression machine that directly measures fuel properties through simulated compression and auto-ignition testing. This substitution of measurement method eliminates estimation errors while providing accurate real-time fuel property data for engine control optimization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The rapid compression machine acts as an intermediary device between the fuel delivery system and engine control system. It receives fuel samples, performs compression and ignition testing, and provides corrected fuel property information to the control system, enabling accurate adaptation without requiring complex direct measurement equipment in the engine.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Adaptability or versatility

If different types of gaseous fuel are mixed in the fuel reservoir, then fuel supply flexibility is improved, but property evaluation becomes more complex and less accurate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefuel type flexibilityVSAvoidfuel property evaluation accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system implements feedback by continuously monitoring actual fuel properties through the rapid compression machine and adjusting engine control parameters accordingly. This closed-loop approach compensates for variations in mixed fuel compositions, maintaining optimal engine performance regardless of fuel type combinations in the reservoir.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The rapid compression machine dynamically adjusts compression ratio and ignition timing parameters during testing to accurately evaluate different fuel types and their mixtures. By changing these parameters adaptively, the system can characterize diverse fuel compositions and provide accurate property data for mixed fuels.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Productivity

If estimated fuel properties are used for engine control, then control adjustments can be made, but knocking and inefficiencies may occur due to property deviations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveengine efficiencyVSAvoidknocking prevention reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary fuel property assessment using the rapid compression machine before fuel enters the engine. By evaluating fuel properties in advance and pre-adjusting control parameters based on actual measurements rather than estimates, the system prevents knocking and inefficiencies before they occur during engine operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach provides real-time, accurate fuel property data for optimal engine control, enhancing efficiency and preventing knocking by directly measuring fuel properties and adjusting engine settings accordingly, even when dealing with mixed fuel compositions.

Implementation Method 1

a rapid compression machine (2a) arranged in fluid communication with a fuel delivery line (4, 4a) of the internal combustion engine (1) so as to receive at least gaseous fuel to be analysed. The gaseous fuel to be analysed is compressed within a compression chamber (2b) of the analysing unit so as to induce said fuel to auto-ignite and combust with air

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCompression: Compression

Implementation Method 2

The gaseous fuel to be analysed is compressed within a compression chamber (2b) of the analysing unit so as to induce said fuel to auto-ignite and combust with air

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAuto-ignition: Combustion

Data Source

PatentEP3610146B1A control method for an internal combustion engine based on fuel properties, and an engine system with fuel properties analysis
Publication Date: 2020.11.25 WARTSILA FINLAND OY
  • EP3610146B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3610146B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

The disclosure relates to a control method for an internal combustion engine capable of using gaseous fuel as main fuel (1), based on fuel properties. An analysing unit (2) for analysing fuel properties of gaseous fuel is provided comprising a rapid compression machine (2a) in fluid communication with a fuel delivery line (4; 4a) of the internal combustion engine (1) for receiving at least gaseous fuel to be analysed. Said fuel is compressed within a compression chamber (2b) of the analysing unit so as to induce said fuel to auto-ignite and combust with air. Pressure data being indicative of fuel properties is obtained of this combustion, and information indicative of fuel properties is transmitted to the control device, which controls engine control parameters at least based on said information indicative of fuel properties. A respective engine system is also concerned.