Ram Air Turbine Actuator Piston Damping for Windmilling Loads

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional ram air turbine (RAT) actuators experience high loads due to low resonance excited by in-flight vibratory loadings, particularly in the windmilling test frequency range, leading to significant cycles and potential damage.

Innovation Solution

The design incorporates damping holes and a lock rod hole in the RAT actuator piston to dissipate vibratory loads, allowing the piston to move and dissipate energy through fluid flow, while maintaining the stowed position and enabling fast deployment.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Stability of the object's composition

If the RAT actuator is designed with a rigid piston structure to maintain stowed position, then the stowed position stability is improved, but the actuator experiences very high loads due to low resonance excited by windmilling loadings

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestowed position stabilityVSAvoidvibratory loads
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSForce

Solution Approach 1:

The patent incorporates damping holes in the piston structure beforehand to cushion against vibratory loads. These holes allow fluid to flow through the piston during windmilling, dissipating energy and reducing the impact of resonant vibrations before they can cause damage to the actuator components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

Solution Approach 2:

The damping holes act as an intermediary mechanism between the external vibratory loads and the rigid piston structure. By allowing controlled fluid flow through these holes, the system mediates the transmission of vibratory energy, converting it into fluid flow and heat rather than allowing it to directly stress the mechanical components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Force

If damping holes are added to the piston to dissipate vibratory energy, then the load reduction is achieved, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevibratory loadsVSAvoidpiston structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ForceVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies the porous materials principle by incorporating damping holes directly into the piston structure. This creates a controlled porous pathway that allows fluid flow for damping purposes while maintaining the structural integrity of the piston. The holes are strategically positioned and sized to provide effective damping without requiring additional complex damping components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively reduces loads on the RAT and actuator, enhancing robustness and reducing weight and cost by dissipating vibratory energy without increasing deployment time.

Implementation Method 1

The one or more damping holes are configured to allow flow through the damping holes in the locked position to allow the RAT actuator piston to move within the RAT actuator in the locked position to dissipate vibratory loads

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVibrational energy dissipation: Damping

Data Source

PatentEP3719345B1Ram air turbine actuators having damping
Publication Date: 2025.07.02 HAMILTON SUNDSTRAND CORP
  • EP3719345B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3719345B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3719345B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A ram air turbine (RAT) actuator piston (100) can include a body (101) defining a piston structure having an inner cavity (103). The piston (100) can include one or more damping holes (109) axially defined through the body to the inner cavity (103) and a lock rod hole (111) defined axially through the body to the inner cavity (103). The lock rod hole (111) can have a larger flow area than one or more of the one or more damping holes. The lock rod hole (111) can be configured to receive a lock rod (213) of a RAT actuator (200) to at least partially block flow through the lock rod hole (111) when the lock rod (213) is in a locked position. The one or more damping holes (109) can be configured to allow flow through the damping holes (109) in the locked position to allow the RAT actuator piston (100) to move within the RAT actuator (200) in the locked position to dissipate vibratory loads.