Ray-Box Intersection Testing With Fewer Plane Comparisons

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing ray tracing systems face significant computational challenges in performing intersection tests, particularly with axis-aligned bounding boxes, due to the large number of tests required, which affects performance, power consumption, and physical size, especially in real-time rendering applications.

Innovation Solution

A method and module for determining ray intersections with axis-aligned boxes by identifying the furthest and least far intersecting planes without performing full tests on all planes, reducing the number of necessary tests to four or five (plus minimum and maximum distance tests), leveraging the parallel arrangement of front- and back-facing planes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If full intersection tests are performed on all planes of axis-aligned boxes, then measurement precision of intersection detection is improved, but use of energy and computational time increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveintersection detection accuracyVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts only the necessary intersection tests by identifying the furthest front-facing plane and performing tests only on that plane and relevant back-facing planes, rather than testing all six planes of the axis-aligned box. This extraction principle reduces the number of tests from potentially six to four or five, directly lowering power consumption while maintaining detection accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies partial action by performing a subset of necessary intersection tests rather than exhaustive testing of all planes. By using the parallel arrangement of front- and back-facing planes and identifying the furthest intersecting plane, the system performs only the minimum necessary tests (four or five instead of six), achieving sufficient precision with reduced energy expenditure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

2Loss of energy

If the number of intersection tests is reduced, then power consumption and latency are reduced, but device complexity increases due to optimized test selection logic

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower consumptionVSAvoidtest selection logic complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-identifying the furthest front-facing plane that the ray intersects before performing the actual intersection tests. This preliminary identification step simplifies the subsequent testing process by reducing the number of planes that need to be tested, and the logic can be pre-computed and stored, reducing runtime complexity despite the initial setup overhead.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Productivity

If intersection tests are optimized for real-time rendering, then productivity and speed are improved, but manufacturing precision of the rendering system increases due to resource constraints

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverendering speedVSAvoidsystem optimization precision
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by modifying the intersection testing parameters to exploit the parallel arrangement of front- and back-facing planes in axis-aligned boxes. By changing the approach from generic ray-box testing to specialized testing that leverages the known parallel structure, the system achieves faster rendering speeds with reduced computational overhead, precisely optimized for real-time applications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Loss of time

If fewer intersection tests are performed, then latency is reduced, but measurement precision of intersection detection may be compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovelatencyVSAvoidintersection detection accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies asymmetry by treating front-facing planes differently from back-facing planes in the intersection testing process. By identifying the furthest front-facing plane and using its properties to determine which back-facing planes need testing, the system creates an asymmetric testing strategy that reduces latency while maintaining precision. The asymmetric approach exploits the directional nature of ray traversal through the axis-aligned box.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

Data Source

PatentEP4113449B1Intersection testing in a ray tracing system
Publication Date: 2026.02.11 IMAGINATION TECH LTD
  • EP4113449B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4113449B1 patent drawingFigure 2a~2b
  • EP4113449B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Methods and intersection testing modules are provided for determining, in a ray tracing system, whether a ray intersects a 3D axis-aligned box representing a volume defined by a front-facing plane and a back-facing plane for each dimension. The front-facing plane of the box which intersects the ray furthest along the ray is identified. It is determined whether the ray intersects the identified front-facing plane at a position that is no further along the ray than positions at which the ray intersects the back-facing planes in a subset of the dimensions, and this determination is used to determine whether the ray intersects the axis-aligned box. The subset of dimensions comprises the two dimensions for which the front-facing plane was not identified, but does not comprise the dimension for which the front-facing plane was identified. It is determined whether the ray intersects the box without performing a test to determine whether the ray intersects the identified front-facing plane at a position that is no further along the ray than a position at which the ray intersects the back-facing plane in the dimension for which the front-facing plane was identified.