Reactant Introduction Device Vacuum Mixing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing reactant introduction devices for internal combustion engines face challenges in achieving uniform mixing of exhaust gas and reactant, such as ammonia, for efficient catalytic reduction, as they often rely on inefficient injection methods that do not fully utilize flow dynamics for effective mixing.
Innovation Solution
A reactant introduction device with a housing having flow-through openings that utilize the vacuum effect to efficiently mix reactant with exhaust gas, featuring a heatable reactant release element and a tubular guide element to ensure uniform distribution and prevent direct discharge, enhancing mixing by recirculating partially mixed exhaust gas.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If reactant is injected directly into the exhaust gas stream using conventional injectors, then the device configuration remains simple, but uniform mixing of exhaust gas and reactant is not achieved
Solution Approach 1:
The housing wall is segmented into multiple functional areas (incoming flow wall area, outgoing flow wall area, two side wall areas) with flow-through openings distributed across these segments. This segmentation allows reactant to be introduced at multiple locations and recirculation zones to form, improving mixing uniformity while maintaining a relatively simple overall device structure.
Solution Approach 2:
A heatable reactant release element is introduced as an intermediary component between the reactant injection and the exhaust gas stream. This element receives reactant, heats it to promote evaporation, and releases it into the exhaust gas through flow-through openings, thereby achieving better mixing without significantly complicating the device configuration.
2Device complexity
If conventional injection methods are used without utilizing flow dynamics, then the device configuration is simple, but efficient mixing of exhaust gas and reactant is not achieved
Solution Approach 1:
The device dynamically utilizes the existing exhaust gas flow to create vacuum effects that draw reactant through the flow-through openings. The housing wall design creates dynamic pressure differences that drive recirculation of exhaust gas into the reactant introduction space, enhancing mixing efficiency without adding complex mechanical moving parts.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention employs pneumatic principles by utilizing the vacuum effect generated by exhaust gas flow to suction reactant through the flow-through openings. The pressure differential created by the flowing exhaust gas drives the mixing process, eliminating the need for additional pumps or complex injection mechanisms while significantly improving mixing efficiency.
3Device complexity
If reactant is injected without utilizing vacuum effect, then the device configuration is simple, but efficient suction and mixing of reactant vapor with exhaust gas is not achieved
Solution Approach 1:
The device uses the vacuum effect created by exhaust gas flow to suction reactant through the flow-through openings in the housing wall. This pneumatic principle ensures thorough distribution of reactant vapor into the exhaust gas stream by leveraging the existing flow field, achieving efficient mixing without adding complex distribution mechanisms.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution achieves efficient and uniform mixing of reactant with exhaust gas, ensuring effective catalytic reduction by leveraging flow dynamics and heat management, even at low temperatures, while minimizing heat losses and ensuring reliable reactant evaporation.
Implementation Method 1
reactant injected into the reactant introduction space and again released by the heated reactant release element in the vapor form
Implementation Method 2
a vacuum present on the outside of the housing wall ensures that reactant injected into the reactant introduction space and again released by the heated reactant release element in the vapor form or reactant reflected by same is suctioned out from the reactant introduction housing by way of a suction pump effect
Data Source
AI summary
A reactant introduction device, for introducing reactant into an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine, includes a reactant introduction housing (16) with a reactant introduction space (20) surrounded by a housing wall (18). The housing wall (18) includes an incoming flow wall area (30) positioned upstream in relation to an exhaust gas flow direction (A), an outgoing flow wall area (32) positioned downstream, in relation to the exhaust gas flow direction (A) and two side wall areas (34, 36) between the incoming flow wall area (30) and the outgoing flow wall area (32). At least one flow-through opening (72, 74, 76) is provided in at least one side wall area (34, 36) or/and in the outgoing flow wall area (32). A reactant injection device (28) injects reactant into the reactant introduction space (20) in a reactant introduction direction (E) onto a heatable reactant release element (48).