Reactive antibacterial compound and preparation method thereof
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current antibacterial materials face challenges such as reduced efficacy over time, potential for drug resistance, toxicity, poor heat resistance, and environmental sustainability issues, particularly in categories like quaternary ammonium salts and nano-metal ions.
Innovation Solution
A reactive antibacterial compound with a zwitterionic structure and terminal isocyanate group that binds to surfaces of fibers and materials, providing durable antibacterial effects by damaging microbial cell membranes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If quaternary ammonium salts are used as antibacterial agents, then antibacterial effectiveness is improved, but heat resistance deteriorates and the agents migrate and wash easily
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a composite structure by chemically bonding quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial agents to polymer chains, forming a integrated molecular composite. This composite structure combines the antibacterial properties of quaternary ammonium salts with the thermal stability and structural integrity of the polymer backbone, resolving the contradiction between antibacterial effectiveness and heat resistance
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts the quaternary ammonium salt functional groups from their conventional free-state form and incorporates them as side chains onto a polymer backbone. This extraction and reintegration process transforms the molecular organization, allowing the antibacterial agents to be fixed in place while maintaining their biological activity, thereby preventing migration and wash-off while preserving heat resistance
2Duration of action of stationary object
If metal ions are released slowly to achieve bacteriostasis, then antibacterial capability is maintained, but the capability reduces over time and microorganisms develop drug resistance
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the slow release mechanism of metal ions with a direct contact antibacterial mechanism. Instead of relying on gradual ion diffusion over time, the quaternary ammonium salt functional groups on the polymer surface directly interact with and disrupt bacterial cell membranes upon contact, providing immediate and sustained antibacterial action without the degradation issues associated with metal ion release
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the fundamental mechanism parameter from slow chemical release (metal ion diffusion) to immediate physical-chemical interaction (surface contact disruption). This parameter change transforms the antibacterial action from a time-dependent gradual process to an immediate upon-contact process, ensuring consistent long-term effectiveness and preventing resistance development
3Speed
If quaternary ammonium salts are used to kill bacteria quickly, then antibacterial speed is improved, but toxicity and irritation increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by concentrating the antibacterial function specifically at the polymer surface where the quaternary ammonium salt side chains are positioned. This localized functional distribution allows rapid antibacterial action at the point of contact while the bulk polymer material remains inert and non-toxic, reducing overall system toxicity and irritation
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces the polymer chain as an intermediary carrier between the quaternary ammonium salt functional groups and the environment. This intermediary structure controls the presentation and release of the antibacterial agents, enabling fast bacterial killing while the polymer matrix buffers and reduces the direct exposure and harmful effects on surrounding tissues and organisms
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The compound exhibits excellent antibacterial properties, maintaining effectiveness even after repeated washing and reducing the risk of drug resistance, with broad applications in textiles, medicine, and food packaging.
Implementation Method 1
react with and bind to functional groups on surfaces of natural fibers, synthetic fibers and polymeric materials by a terminal isocyanate
Implementation Method 2
The positive charge of a quaternary nitrogen atom may damage cytomembrane of microorganisms, thereby denaturing protein and damaging cell structures
Data Source
AI summary
A reactive antibacterial compound and a preparation method thereof are provided herein. The reactive antibacterial compound is represented by the general formula (I) or (II):wherein R1 represents OCN-L-NHCOOR′, OCN-L-NHCONHR′, OCN-L-NHCOSR′, OCN-L-COOR′, or OCN-L-COONHR′. G1 represents OCN-M-NHCOOG′, OCN-M-NHCONHG′, OCN-M-NHCOSG′, OCN-M-COOG′, or OCN-M-COONHG′. L, M, R′ and G′ independently for each occurrence represent divalent alkyl and cycloalkyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by up to 18 heteroatoms. R4 and G4 independently for each occurrence represent a divalent alkyl and cycloalkyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by at most 18 heteroatoms. G2 and G3 independently for each occurrence represent —H, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —OCH3, —OCH2CH3, —OPr, —CN, —SCN, —NO, —NO2, a monovalent unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms. Z and X independently for each occurrence represent —COO, —SO3, or —OPO2OR5. R5 represents a monovalent unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.