Reactive Antibacterial Compound for Durable Surface Bonding
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current antibacterial materials face issues such as reduced efficacy over time, potential for drug resistance, toxicity, poor heat resistance, and environmental sustainability concerns, particularly with organic and polymeric quaternary ammonium salts, and limitations in mass production and durability of natural agents.
Innovation Solution
A reactive antibacterial compound with a zwitterionic structure, featuring a terminal isocyanate and a quaternary ammonium group, which can bind to surfaces of fibers and materials, providing durable antibacterial effects by reacting with functional groups, thereby denaturing proteins and damaging cell structures of microorganisms.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If quaternary ammonium salts are used as antibacterial agents, then antibacterial effectiveness is improved, but heat resistance deteriorates and migration occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial agents with polymeric materials to create composite antibacterial materials. The polymer matrix provides thermal stability and structural integrity, while the quaternary ammonium salt components deliver antibacterial effectiveness. This composite approach allows the material to maintain both high heat resistance and strong antibacterial properties that neither component could achieve alone.
2Reliability
If quaternary ammonium salts are used as antibacterial agents, then antibacterial effectiveness is improved, but chemical stability deteriorates due to high reactivity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the antibacterial quaternary ammonium salt components from their traditional small molecule form and incorporates them into polymeric structures. This extraction of the active antibacterial function from the small molecule context and integration into a polymeric framework reduces the chemical reactivity and improves stability while preserving the antibacterial mechanism.
3Reliability
If metal ions are released slowly for antibacterial effect, then antibacterial capability is maintained, but duration of action deteriorates over time
Solution Approach 1:
The patent designs polymeric antibacterial materials that provide continuous antibacterial action through the sustained presence and gradual release of quaternary ammonium salt groups within the polymer structure. Unlike metal ion systems that deplete over time, the covalently bonded or strongly associated quaternary ammonium groups in the polymer maintain continuous antibacterial activity throughout the service life of the material.
4Speed
If organic antibacterial agents are used, then rapid antibacterial effect is achieved, but toxicity and irritation increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the physical and chemical parameters of organic antibacterial agents by incorporating them into polymeric structures with controlled molecular weights, functional group densities, and structural configurations. These parameter changes reduce toxicity and irritation while preserving the rapid antibacterial effect through optimized molecular design and controlled release characteristics.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The compound exhibits excellent antibacterial properties, offering long-lasting protection against a wide range of microorganisms, including E. coli and S. aureus, with minimal impact on human health and environmental sustainability, suitable for various applications like textiles, medical products, and food packaging.
Implementation Method 1
cell walls of bacteria are negatively charged, and ions, such as quaternary ammonium salts and the quaternary phosphonium salts, are positively charged. The quaternary ammonium salts with positive charges are liable to be absorbed by the bacteria, penetrating the cell walls after approaching the bacteria
Implementation Method 2
being bonded to the cytomembrane, and disrupting the composition of the cytomembrane, which results in leaking of intracellular materials and eventually death of the bacteria
Implementation Method 3
react with and bind to functional groups on surfaces of natural fibers, synthetic fibers and polymeric materials by a terminal isocyanate
Data Source
AI summary
A reactive antibacterial compound is represented by the general formula (I):wherein R1 represents OCN-L-NHCOOR′, OCN-L-NHCONHR′, OCN-L-NHCOSR′, OCN-L-COOR′, or OCN-L-COONHR′. G1 represents OCN-M-NHCOOG′, OCN-M-NHCONHG′, OCN-M-NHCOSG′, OCN-M-COOG′, or OCN-M-COONHG′. L, M, R′ and G′ independently for each occurrence represent divalent alkyl and cycloalkyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by up to 18 heteroatoms. R4 and G4 independently for each occurrence represent a divalent alkyl and cycloalkyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by at most 18 heteroatoms. G2 and G3 independently for each occurrence represent —H, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —OCH3, —OCH2CH3, —OPr, —CN, —SCN, —NO, —NO2, a monovalent unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms. Z and X independently for each occurrence represent —COO, —SO3, or —OPO2OR5. R5 represents a monovalent unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.