Reactive Dye Mixtures for Deep-Shade Cellulose Dyeing Fastness
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current reactive dyes face challenges in achieving sufficient substantivity, ease of washing-off unfixed dye, good color yield, high reactivity, and all-round fastness properties, especially when dyeing deep shades, necessitating the development of novel dye mixtures for nitrogen-containing or hydroxyl-group-containing fibre materials.
Innovation Solution
A mixture comprising specific reactive dyes of particular chemical formulas, which include sulfo groups, fibre-reactive radicals, and specific substituents, designed to enhance substantivity, fixing properties, and fastness to light and wetting, allowing for high tinctorial strength and stability.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If conventional reactive dyes are used to achieve high fixing degrees, then color yield is improved, but build-up behavior becomes insufficient especially for deep shades
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple reactive dyes with different chemical structures (vinyl sulfone, vinyl sulfur trioxide, beta-sulfatoethyl vinyl sulfone, beta-acetoxyethyl vinyl sulfone radicals) into a composite dye mixture. This composite approach allows the dyeing composition to achieve both high fixing degrees and excellent build-up behavior, particularly for deep shades, by leveraging the complementary properties of different dye components rather than relying on a single dye type.
2Reliability
If reactive dyes with high reactivity are used, then fixing degree is improved, but ease of washing-off unfixed dye deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs reactive dyes with specifically designed local chemical properties - incorporating fibre-reactive radicals (vinyl sulfone, vinyl sulfur trioxide, beta-sulfatoethyl vinyl sulfone, beta-acetoxyethyl vinyl sulfone) at specific positions in the molecular structure. These localized reactive groups provide high fixing degree while the overall molecular structure maintains appropriate substantivity, enabling easy washing-off of unfixed dye. The specific substitution patterns on aromatic rings (with groups like -SO3H, -OH, -NH2, -NO2) further fine-tune this balance between reactivity and washability.
3Quantity of substance
If dye mixtures are used to improve build-up behavior, then deep shade dyeing is improved, but all-round fastness properties deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent systematically varies key parameters of the reactive dye molecules including: (1) the type of fibre-reactive radical (vinyl sulfone, vinyl sulfur trioxide, beta-sulfatoethyl vinyl sulfone, beta-acetoxyethyl vinyl sulfone), (2) the position and nature of substituents on aromatic rings (sulfo, hydroxyl, amino, nitro groups), (3) the structure of the bridging member connecting chromophore to reactive group. By carefully selecting and combining dyes with specific parameter configurations, the patent achieves both excellent build-up behavior for deep shades and superior all-round fastness properties including light fastness, wet fastness, and perspiration fastness.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The dye mixtures exhibit excellent build-up behavior, high fixing degrees, low soaping loss, and superior fastness properties, including light, wet, and perspiration resistance, making them suitable for a wide range of fibre materials and printing applications.
Implementation Method 1
Y1, Y2 and Y3 are each independently of the others a fibre-reactive radical of formula wherein X2 is halogen... suitable for dyeing or printing nitrogen-containing or hydroxyl-group-containing fibre materials and yield dyeings or prints having good all-round fastness properties
Implementation Method 2
Z is vinyl or a —CH2—CH2—U radical and U is a group that is removable under alkaline conditions
Data Source
AI summary
Dye mixtures that compriseat least one dye of formulatogether with at least one dye from the group of formulaewherein the radicals have the definitions given in the claims,are suitable, with good build-up behaviour, for dyeing or printing cellulose-containing fibre materials, and yield dyeings having a deep shade and good fastness properties.