Reactive Dye Mixtures for Uniform Polyamide Trichromatic Dyeing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current reactive dye mixtures for dyeing nitrogen-containing or hydroxy-group-containing fibre materials lack high exhaustion, fixing yields, and fibre-dye bond stability, requiring alkaline after-treatment and failing to achieve uniform colour build-up and good fastness properties.
Innovation Solution
A novel reactive dye mixture comprising specific blue, yellow, and red dyes with fibre-reactive radicals, allowing for high exhaustion and fixing without alkaline treatment, and producing uniform, stable dyeings with excellent fastness properties.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional reactive dye mixtures are used, then dyeing process is simple, but exhaustion and fixing yields are insufficient and alkaline after-treatment is required
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the chemical structure of reactive dyes by introducing specific radical combinations (V1, V2, Q1-Q3, R1-R13) that alter the dyeing parameters. These structural changes enable the dyes to achieve high exhaustion and fixing yields without requiring alkaline after-treatment, thus improving reliability while maintaining process simplicity.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates composite dye mixtures combining multiple reactive dyes with different radical structures (formulae 1, 2, 3a, 3b) that work synergistically. This composite approach achieves superior exhaustion and fixing properties that individual dyes cannot attain alone, eliminating the need for alkaline after-treatment while maintaining process simplicity.
2Reliability
If high exhaustion and fixing are achieved, then fibre-dye bond stability improves, but uniform colour build-up and levelness are compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The patent assigns different functional radicals to different parts of the dye molecules. For example, V1 and V2 provide fibre-reactive capabilities for strong bonding, while Q1-Q3 and R1-R13 control colour properties and distribution. This local differentiation of functions within the dye structure enables simultaneous achievement of high bond stability and uniform colour build-up.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention optimizes multiple chemical parameters including the types of leaving groups (U), the nature of bridging radicals (X, X1), and the positioning of fibre-reactive groups. These parameter adjustments create a balance between dye-fibre bonding strength and dye distribution uniformity, achieving both high stability and excellent levelness without dichroism.
3Reliability
If alkaline after-treatment is applied to remove non-fixed dye, then fastness properties improve, but fibre damage and process complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the potential harm of requiring alkaline after-treatment into a benefit by designing dyes that achieve such high fixing yields (95-99%) that minimal non-fixed dye remains. The fibre-reactive radicals (V1, V2) create strong covalent bonds that provide inherent fastness without aggressive alkaline treatment, thus eliminating fibre damage while maintaining excellent fastness properties.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention enables the dyeing process to be self-sufficient by incorporating fibre-reactive groups that automatically form stable bonds with the fibre during the dyeing process itself. This self-fixing mechanism eliminates the need for separate alkaline after-treatment steps, providing both fastness properties and fibre protection while simplifying the overall process.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The dye mixture achieves uniform colour build-up, constancy of shade, and high fibre levelness with improved fastness properties, including light and wet fastness, without the need for alkaline after-treatment, and is suitable for a wide range of fibre materials.
Implementation Method 1
reactive dye mixtures which have a high degree of exhaustion and a high degree of fixing... and high fibre-dye bond stabilities
Implementation Method 2
Y1 is vinyl or a radical —CH2—CH2—U and U is a leaving group removable under alkaline conditions
Data Source
AI summary
A dye mixture, comprising at least one blue dyeing dye of the formula (1), wherein Q1 represents a bivalent radical of formula (4a), (4b) or (4c), wherein X1 denotes chlorine or fluorine, R1 is hydrogen or C1-C8 alkyl, R2 is hydrogen, C1-C8alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy or sulfo, Y1 is vinyl or a radical —CH2—CH2—U and U is a leaving group removable under alkaline conditions, R3 is hydrogen or C1-C8alkyl that is unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy, sulfo, sulfato, cyano, carboxy, C1-C4alkoxy or phenyl, r and s are each independently of the other the number 0 or 1, and t is the number 0, 1 or 2, and the sum of r, s and t is 2 or 3 and at least one yellow or red dyeing reactive dye is suitable especially for the dichromatic or trichromatic dyeing or printing of natural or synthetic polyamide fibre materials and yield dyeings or prints having good reproducibility and good all-round fastness properties.