Reactive Epoxy Compounds with Amide Bonds for Waterborne Coatings
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing waterborne epoxy resins suffer from poor water resistance, adhesion to substrates, and mechanical stability due to the presence of surfactants, and the ester bonds in previous water-soluble epoxy resins are prone to hydrolysis, compromising their stability and performance.
Innovation Solution
Development of reactive epoxy compounds with amide bonds that act as both epoxy resins and surfactants, forming core-shell type particles with encapsulated epoxy resin, providing enhanced water solubility, corrosion resistance, and stability, and mixed with a curing agent to form coatings with improved properties.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If surfactants are used to prepare waterborne epoxy resin emulsions, then water solubility is improved, but water resistance and adhesion to substrates deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The invention removes harmful traditional surfactants from the system and replaces them with reactive epoxy compounds that contain hydrophilic groups. This extraction eliminates the source of poor water resistance and adhesion while maintaining water solubility through the hydrophilic groups in the reactive epoxy compound structure.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a composite structure where epoxy resin is encapsulated in core-shell type particles with a shell made of reactive epoxy compounds. This composite approach combines the hydrophobic epoxy resin core with the hydrophilic reactive epoxy compound shell, achieving both water solubility and water resistance simultaneously.
2Quantity of substance
If ester bond derivatives are used to achieve water solubility, then water solubility is improved, but stability against hydrolysis deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the chemical bond type from ester bonds to amide bonds in the reactive epoxy compound structure. This parameter change in bond chemistry provides both water solubility through hydrophilic groups and resistance to hydrolysis, as amide bonds are more stable against hydrolysis than ester bonds.
3Ease of operation
If traditional epoxy resin emulsions are used, then waterborne application is enabled, but mechanical stability and adhesion deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The reactive epoxy compounds serve dual functions: they act as both the epoxy resin and the surfactant. This self-service approach eliminates the need for separate surfactant components that compromise mechanical stability, while the hydrophilic groups in the reactive epoxy compound maintain waterborne application capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The core-shell particle structure creates a composite material where the epoxy resin core provides mechanical strength and the reactive epoxy compound shell provides water solubility and adhesion. This composite structure enables waterborne application while maintaining mechanical stability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The reactive epoxy compounds with amide bonds offer improved corrosion resistance, water resistance, and stability in the resulting coatings, maintaining emulsion stability and enhancing adhesion and mechanical properties, while being resistant to hydrolysis.
Implementation Method 1
because the amide bond can form hydrogen bond when reacting with water, the reactive epoxy compounds of the present invention can dissolve in water to maintain emulsion stability for epoxy resins
Implementation Method 2
the reactive epoxy compounds of the present invention have amide bond, which exhibits excellent stability and is hard to hydrolyze
Data Source
AI summary
This disclosure relates to reactive epoxy compounds that have high water solubility. The reactive epoxy compounds are obtained by mixing an epoxy resin having at least two epoxy groups per molecule with a carboxyl group-containing compound obtained by reacting a polyetheramine comprising a primary amine and an acid anhydride derived from a polyvalent carboxylic acid. This disclosure also relates to waterborne epoxy resin composition comprising core-shell type epoxy resin particles dispersed in a solvent, wherein the particles are formed by an epoxy resin encapsulated in the reactive epoxy compounds of the present invention. The waterborne epoxy resin composition is low in volatile organic compounds (“VOC”).