Recombinant BoHV-1 Vaccine Vector for Multivalent Bovine Pathogen Protection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current vaccines for bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) are inadequate in providing effective protection against the diverse strains of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), leading to significant morbidity and mortality in cattle, particularly in confined environments.
Innovation Solution
A recombinant vaccine vector using a low virulence BoHV-1 genome with inserted genetic material encoding antigens from multiple bovine pathogens, such as BVDV, Mycoplasma, Pasteurella, and Haemophilus, to stimulate both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, administered via a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vector system.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If current vaccines are used to control BoHV-1 and BVDV, then vaccination coverage is achieved, but protection effectiveness against diverse strains is inadequate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a universal vaccine platform using a heterologous virus vector (BoHV-1) that can express multiple different antigens from various pathogens including BVDV, Mycoplasma, Pasteurella, and Haemophilus. This single vaccine system provides broad-spectrum protection against multiple diverse strains and species, resolving the contradiction between reliable protection and versatility against diverse pathogens.
Solution Approach 2:
The vaccine employs a composite structure where a BoHV-1 viral vector is engineered to carry and express foreign antigen genes from multiple different pathogens. This composite approach combines the replicative advantage of a live virus vector with the protective antigens from multiple pathogens, achieving both high reliability and broad adaptability simultaneously.
2Adaptability or versatility
If multiple antigens are incorporated into a single vaccine vector, then immunity against multiple pathogens is achieved, but vaccine complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple antigen-encoding genes into a single BoHV-1 viral vector construct. By combining the BoHV-1 replicative machinery with multiple foreign antigen genes (such as BVDV glycoproteins, Mycoplasma adhesins, Pasteurella toxins, and Haemophilus pili) within one viral genome, the system achieves multivalent immunity while managing complexity through a unified vector platform.
Solution Approach 2:
The BoHV-1 vector serves as a universal platform that can accommodate and express multiple different antigen types simultaneously. This multi-functional vector design allows incorporation of diverse antigens from different pathogens using standardized genetic construction methods, reducing overall vaccine development complexity while maintaining broad protective coverage.
3Reliability
If live virus vectors are used for vaccination, then immune response is enhanced, but risk of adverse effects from virulence increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality modification by selectively attenuating specific virulence factors of the BoHV-1 vector while preserving its ability to replicate and express antigens. The vector is engineered to lack certain virulent properties that cause severe disease, while maintaining the essential replicative functions needed for robust immune response generation. This localized modification resolves the contradiction between enhanced immunity and reduced harm.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent converts the potential harm of viral virulence into benefit by using a controlled attenuation strategy. The BoHV-1 vector is deliberately modified to have reduced virulence, which actually enhances safety while maintaining sufficient replicative capacity to induce strong immune responses. The controlled reduction in virulence becomes a beneficial feature rather than a drawback, simultaneously improving safety and immunogenicity.
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure teaches generally in the field of vaccination and disease control in cattle and bovine animals. A recombinant bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) vaccine vector is provided for efficient control of one or more bovine pathogens such as those associated with bovine respiratory disease complex, such as bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and which ameliorates disease conditions caused thereby. Protocols for the management of confined or herded bovine animals are also enabled herein.