Recombinant Influenza Virus Vaccine for Safe Antigen Delivery
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current vaccination methods using live or inactivated pathogens pose risks of active infections, while delivery of isolated epitopes derived from infectious agents presents less risk but may not elicit a robust immune response effectively.
Innovation Solution
A recombinant influenza virus is developed with a nucleic acid sequence encoding foreign antigens from pathogens or tumors, linked with a promoter and transcription termination sequence, which is used to propagate and administer as a vaccine, eliciting an immune response with reduced pathogenicity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If live or inactivated pathogens are used for vaccination, then robust immune response is elicited, but risk of active infection develops
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts only the essential immunogenic components (antigens) from the complete pathogen structure. By using recombinant influenza viruses that express specific foreign antigens without containing the complete pathogen genome, the invention isolates the beneficial immune-stimulating properties while removing the harmful potential for active infection.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses recombinant influenza viruses as intermediary vectors to deliver foreign antigens. These engineered viruses serve as safe carriers that can present antigens to the immune system without causing the diseases associated with wild-type pathogens, thus mediating between antigen delivery and safety.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If isolated epitopes are delivered for vaccination, then risk of active infection is reduced, but robust immune response is not effectively elicited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the safety advantage of isolated antigen delivery with the immunogenic effectiveness of live virus vaccination. By combining foreign antigen sequences with influenza virus vectors that can replicate and spread in the host, the invention creates a system that maintains safety while enhancing immune response through the biological activities of the viral vector.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates composite viral structures by incorporating foreign antigen genes into the influenza virus genome. These chimeric viruses combine the safe, well-characterized influenza vector with heterologous antigen components, producing a hybrid vaccine that leverages the advantages of both approaches.
3Reliability
If recombinant influenza virus with foreign antigens is used, then immune response is enhanced, but virus replication and transmission may increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by restricting foreign antigen expression to specific viral proteins (such as hemagglutinin or neuraminidase) rather than throughout the entire virus. This localized incorporation allows the antigen to be presented effectively to the immune system while maintaining normal viral replication and transmission characteristics.
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed herein are compositions and methods related to mutant viruses, and in particular, mutant influenza viruses. The mutant viruses disclosed herein include a mutant M2 sequence, and are useful in immunogenic compositions, e.g., as vaccines. The mutant viruses disclosed herein including a mutant M2 sequence are also useful to deliver antigens to a subject, e.g., to induce an immune response to the antigen. Also disclosed herein are methods, compositions and cells for propagating the viral mutants, and methods, devices and compositions related to vaccination.