Recombinant Microorganisms for Chemical Production from Waste Carbon Monoxide

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for producing chemicals like propanal, propan-2-one, propan-1-ol, and propan-2-ol rely on petrochemical sources, which face challenges such as land-use issues, food security concerns, and environmental impacts, and existing biological processes are inefficient and lack specificity for these chemicals.

Innovation Solution

Development of recombinant microorganisms that catalyze an enzymatic reaction converting propane-1,2-diol to propan-2-one and propanal using diol dehydratase enzymes, allowing for microbial fermentation of these chemicals from carbon monoxide, a waste gas, with enhanced specificity and yield.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If petrochemical sources are used to produce chemicals like propanal, propan-2-one, propan-1-ol, and propan-2-ol, then production capacity is sufficient, but environmental impact increases and food security concerns arise

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveproduction capacityVSAvoidenvironmental impact
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent converts carbon monoxide, a harmful waste gas from steel industry emissions, into valuable chemical products (propanal, propan-2-one, propan-1-ol, and propan-2-ol). By using carboxydotrophic microorganisms to metabolize CO as a carbon source, the process transforms an environmental pollutant into beneficial chemicals, simultaneously reducing emissions and producing high-value products.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

2Object-affected harmful factors

If existing biological processes are used to produce these chemicals, then environmental impact is reduced, but specificity and yield are insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenvironmental impactVSAvoidspecificity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces specific enzymes (alcohol dehydrogenases and aldehyde reductases) into carboxydotrophic microorganisms to create localized catalytic functions. These enzymes are expressed at high levels in specific cellular compartments, enabling the microorganisms to selectively produce target chemicals (propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, propanal, propan-2-one) with high specificity from carbon monoxide, while maintaining the environmental benefits of biological processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Adaptability or versatility

If carbon monoxide is used as substrate for microbial fermentation, then petrochemical dependence is reduced, but production efficiency is lower compared to catalytic processes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepetrochemical independenceVSAvoidproduction efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes multiple parameters to enhance production efficiency: (1) Genetic modification to overexpress key enzymes (alcohol dehydrogenases and aldehyde reductases) to accelerate reaction rates; (2) Optimization of fermentation conditions including pH, temperature, and gas flow rates; (3) Engineering of metabolic pathways to maximize carbon conversion efficiency from CO to target products. These parameter changes enable biological processes to achieve competitiveness with catalytic methods while maintaining petrochemical independence.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The process achieves higher specificity and yield in producing propanal, propan-2-one, propan-1-ol, and propan-2-ol, reducing environmental impact and offering an alternative to petrochemical-based methods by utilizing waste carbon monoxide.

Implementation Method 1

an enzymatic reaction converting propane-1,2-diol to propan-2-one and propanal catalysed by a type of diol dehydratase enzyme

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEnzymatic catalysis: Enzyme

Implementation Method 2

microbial fermentation of a substrate wherein the substrate contains propane-1,2-diol

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFermentation: Fermentation

Implementation Method 3

micro-organisms may also be used to convert these gases into fuels and chemicals

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMetabolic conversion:

Data Source

PatentEP2890778B1Recombinant microorganisms and uses therefor
Publication Date: 2019.05.01 LANZATECH NEW ZEALAND LTD
  • EP2890778B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2890778B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP2890778B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

A stereospecific enzyme in C. autoethanogenum permits the conversion of racemic propanediol to acetone and/or propionaldehyde. Entantiomeric starting materials lead to different products. If desired, the products may be reduced to form alcohols. The reaction can be performed in various host cells, so that various materials may be used as carbon and/or energy sources.