Recombinant Vaccine Vector for Eimeria Immunity
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current vaccines against coccidiosis in poultry are ineffective due to high production costs and vaccine-reaction morbidity, and they do not adequately address the economic impact of coccidiosis, which causes significant production losses and antibiotic resistance issues.
Innovation Solution
A vaccine vector comprising a polynucleotide sequence encoding an Apicomplexan Rhomboid polypeptide and an immunostimulatory polypeptide, such as CD154 or HMGB1, is used to enhance the immune response and reduce morbidity and mortality associated with apicomplexan parasites like Eimeria, expressed on the surface of vectors like bacteria or yeast, potentially providing cross-species immunity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional vaccines based on controlled low dosage of virulent Eimeria parasites are used, then vaccination coverage is achieved, but vaccine-reaction morbidity increases and economic losses occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and isolates specific immunogenic proteins (MPP, TRAP, and other microneme proteins) from the virulent Eimeria parasite, using only these purified protein components for vaccination rather than the entire parasite. This extraction approach provides adequate vaccination coverage while eliminating the harmful effects of using live virulent parasites, thus resolving the contradiction between vaccination coverage and vaccine-reaction morbidity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs recombinant DNA technology to produce immunogenic proteins in bacterial expression systems, creating inexpensive, short-lived protein vaccines that can be mass-produced. These recombinant protein vaccines replace expensive and complex live parasite vaccines, providing effective immunization without the morbidity issues while being cost-effective for large-scale poultry vaccination programs.
2Reliability
If antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents are continuously used to control coccidiosis, then disease symptoms are managed, but resistance issues develop
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of using antibiotics to kill the parasite (conventional approach), the patent employs vaccination to stimulate the host immune system to fight back against the parasite. This inversion from direct chemical killing to immune-mediated control prevents the development of drug resistance while maintaining effective disease control, as the immune response targets multiple parasite antigens simultaneously.
3Reliability
If conventional vaccines are used to prevent coccidiosis, then some protection is provided, but production losses continue due to high costs and morbidity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the complex biological system of live parasite vaccines with a simplified recombinant protein-based vaccination system. This substitution uses bacterial expression systems to produce purified immunogenic proteins, eliminating the need for complex parasite culture and attenuation processes. The result is a cost-effective vaccine that maintains protection levels while dramatically improving economic efficiency for poultry producers.
Data Source
AI summary
Vaccine vectors and methods of using the vaccine vectors to enhance the immune response to an Apicomplexan parasite and reduce the morbidity or mortality associated with subsequent infection are provided herein. The vaccine vectors include a polynucleotide encoding a Rhomboid polypeptide and optionally include an immune-stimulatory polypeptide suitably expressed on the surface of the vaccine vector.