Recovery Pulse Response for Temperature Compensation in Biosensors
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current analyte measurement systems, such as SMBG systems, face challenges in accurately measuring analyte concentrations in fluidic samples due to confounding variables like temperature, hematocrit, and interference, leading to deviations from true glucose concentrations.
Innovation Solution
The method involves applying a test sequence with a DC block that includes excitation and recovery pulses, maintaining a closed circuit condition, and using response information from recovery pulses to correct for temperature effects, combined with multivariate analysis and partial least squares regression models to refine accuracy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional amperometric measurement with DC potential is used, then analyte concentration can be measured, but temperature effects and confounding variables cause deviation from true glucose concentration
Solution Approach 1:
The measurement signal is segmented into multiple frequency components (AC frequencies from 10 Hz to 10 kHz and DC components) that can be independently analyzed. Each frequency component responds differently to temperature and analyte concentration, allowing separate characterization and compensation of temperature effects from true analyte signals.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies multiple AC frequencies (10 Hz, 100 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz) and DC potentials to the biosensor, creating a multi-parameter measurement approach. By varying frequency and potential parameters, the system captures differential responses that enable mathematical separation of temperature effects from analyte concentration effects through regression analysis.
2Measurement precision
If AC and DC current response information is combined to generate true glucose value, then measurement accuracy can be improved, but the complexity of the method becomes extremely high
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs periodic AC signals at multiple frequencies superimposed on DC potential to generate the test sequence. This periodic modulation creates distinct frequency-domain signatures for different measurement components, allowing systematic extraction of temperature and analyte information through frequency-specific impedance and current analysis.
Solution Approach 2:
The system uses regression analysis (including partial least squares regression) that incorporates AC and DC current responses across multiple frequencies to generate compensated analyte concentration values. The feedback loop continuously adjusts for temperature effects by comparing measured responses against calibrated models, reducing algorithmic complexity while maintaining accuracy.
3Measurement precision
If multiple frequencies and DC potential are applied to compensate for confounding variables, then temperature compensation accuracy is improved, but the measurement time and sequence complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple AC frequency measurements and DC potential measurements into a single integrated test sequence applied simultaneously or in rapid succession. This merging approach allows parallel extraction of temperature and analyte information from the composite signal, reducing total measurement time compared to sequential measurements.
Solution Approach 2:
The system applies AC signals at frequencies higher than traditionally used (up to 10 kHz) and uses partial least squares regression that selectively weights contributions from different frequency components. This partial use of available signal information optimizes the balance between compensation accuracy and measurement speed by focusing on the most informative frequency ranges.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances the accuracy and reliability of analyte concentration measurements by isolating and compensating for temperature effects, thereby providing a more precise 'true' analyte concentration, even in the presence of confounding variables.
Implementation Method 1
an electrochemical measurement often is performed by inserting a biosensor into a handheld meter and introducing a drop of a fluidic sample such as blood onto the biosensor that comprises a defined sample space, a dried chemical reagent and a system of electrodes. Upon detecting the sample, the meter then performs the electrical measurement
Implementation Method 2
information such as current response, shape and/or magnitude of the recovery pulse can be used to determine the effects of temperature on the analyte concentration
Data Source
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AI summary
Methods are disclosed for measuring an analyte concentration in a fluidic sample. Such methods allow one to correct and/or compensate for confounding variables such as temperature before providing an analyte concentration. The measurement methods use response information from a test sequence having at least one DC block, where the DC block includes at least one excitation pulse and at least one recovery pulse, and where a closed circuit condition of an electrode system is maintained during the at least one recovery pulse. Information encoded in the at least one recovery pulse is used to correct/compensate for temperature effects on the analyte concentration. Also disclosed are devices, apparatuses and systems incorporating the various measurement methods.