Redox Flow Battery Electrolyte Mixing Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Redox flow batteries generate excessive hydrogen gas during long-term operation, leading to safety concerns and reduced efficiency, particularly due to vanadium ion concentration imbalances and state of charge increases on the negative electrode side.

Innovation Solution

A method involving the frequent mixing of small volumes of positive and negative electrolytes within specific time and volume parameters to maintain vanadium ion concentration and reduce hydrogen gas generation, with mixing periods ranging from 30 hours to 320 hours and unit volumes between 0.01% to 27.0% of the storage volume, thereby minimizing hydrogen production and heat-induced precipitation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Duration of action of stationary object

If the redox flow battery operates for a long period without mixing electrolytes, then the battery can maintain continuous charge-discharge operation, but vanadium ion concentration imbalances occur and hydrogen gas generation increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontinuous operation timeVSAvoidhydrogen gas generation
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of stationary objectVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements periodic mixing of positive and negative electrolytes at predetermined intervals (320 hours or less) to prevent vanadium ion concentration imbalances and reduce hydrogen gas generation. This periodic intervention maintains ion concentration balance without interrupting continuous battery operation, resolving the contradiction between continuous operation duration and harmful hydrogen gas generation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

2Reliability

If small volumes of electrolytes are mixed frequently, then vanadium ion concentration balance is maintained and hydrogen generation is reduced, but the complexity of the operating procedure increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevanadium ion concentration balanceVSAvoidoperating procedure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent establishes predetermined mixing volumes (y%) and mixing intervals (x hours) based on mathematical relationships (y = 0.01% × x for x ≤ 30 hours, y = 0.9% × x for 30 < x ≤ 320 hours). These pre-calculated parameters simplify the operating procedure by providing clear, quantifiable mixing guidelines that maintain vanadium ion concentration balance without requiring complex real-time monitoring or decision-making.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Reliability

If the mixing volume is increased to quickly balance vanadium ion concentrations, then the state of charge on the negative electrode side is controlled more effectively, but heat generation increases causing electrolyte degradation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestate of charge controlVSAvoidheat generation
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies partial mixing by using predetermined volumes (y%) that are sufficient to maintain vanadium ion concentration balance and control state of charge, but not excessive enough to generate harmful heat. The mixing volume is carefully controlled to be the minimum necessary for effective ion balance, preventing both under-mixing (poor SOC control) and over-mixing (excessive heat generation and electrolyte degradation).

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach significantly reduces hydrogen gas generation and prevents electrolyte degradation, maintaining battery performance and safety by controlling vanadium ion concentration and state of charge within the redox flow battery.

Implementation Method 1

vanadium ions are transferred from a negative electrode side to a positive electrode side

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIon transfer: Diffusion

Implementation Method 2

a charge-discharging operation is performed by supplying a positive electrolyte from a positive electrolyte tank and supplying a negative electrolyte from a negative electrolyte tank to a battery cell

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRedox reaction: Redox Reactions

Implementation Method 3

mixing a predetermined volume of a positive electrolyte and a predetermined volume of a negative electrolyte... preventing heat-induced precipitation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal precipitation: Precipitation

Data Source

PatentEP3667792B1Redox flow battery operating method
Publication Date: 2021.09.22 SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES LTD
  • EP3667792B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3667792B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3667792B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Provided is a method for operating a redox flow battery, the method including a step of mixing a predetermined volume of a positive electrolyte and a predetermined volume of a negative electrolyte at a predetermined period, in which the predetermined period is time x selected from a range of 320 hours or less, the predetermined volume is y% of a storage volume set for one of a positive electrolyte tank and a negative electrolyte tank, y is equal to or higher than a value represented by y = 0.01% × x, when x is selected from a range of 30 hours or less, y is equal to or lower than a value represented by y = 0.9% × x, and when x is selected from a range of more than 30 hours to 320 hours, y is 27.0% or less.