Redox-Reagent Composition for Electrochemical Biosensor
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing glucose meters, particularly electrochemical sensors, face accuracy issues due to enzyme stability, oxygen interference, and sensitivity to temperature and humidity, as well as slow reaction rates with traditional electron transfer mediators, which affect the reliability of glucose detection.
Innovation Solution
A redox-reagent composition incorporating a metal-containing complex and thionine or its derivatives as an electron transfer mediator, which enhances the reaction speed between redox enzymes and the metal complex, improving glucose detection efficiency and resistance to high humidity and interfering substances.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional electron transfer mediators (potassium ferricyanide, phenazine-methosulfate) are used, then the sensor can detect glucose, but the accuracy deteriorates at high temperature or humidity conditions and during long-term storage
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the electron transfer mediator by using thionine and its derivatives instead of traditional mediators like potassium ferricyanide. Thionine exhibits superior stability under high temperature and humidity conditions while maintaining effective electron transfer capability, thus resolving the contradiction between reliability and compositional stability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a composite mediator system combining thionine with specific enzymes (GDH or GOx) and buffer solutions. This composite composition enhances overall stability and accuracy by synergistically combining the properties of each component, making the sensor resistant to environmental variations during storage and use.
2Reliability
If hexaamineruthenium chloride is used as electron transfer mediator, then interference from uric acid and gentisic acid is reduced, but the reaction speed between mediator and FAD-GDH becomes fairly slow
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical identity of the electron transfer mediator from hexaamineruthenium chloride to thionine and its derivatives. Thionine maintains the advantage of resistance to interfering substances like uric acid and gentisic acid while significantly improving the reaction speed with FAD-GDH, thus resolving the speed-reliability contradiction.
3Stability of the object's composition
If FAD-GOx enzyme is used, then the sensor is stable under heat and has excellent specificity, but the measured glucose value is affected by oxygen concentration in blood
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces thionine as an electron transfer mediator that acts as an intermediary between FAD-GOx enzyme and the electrode. This mediator system enables the enzyme to function effectively while reducing sensitivity to oxygen concentration variations in blood, thus maintaining both stability and measurement accuracy.
4Reliability
If PQQ-GDH enzyme is used, then the sensor is free from oxygen influence, but many monosaccharides and disaccharides including mannose, maltose, or lactose still affect the sensor
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the enzyme type from PQQ-GDH to FAD-GDH combined with thionine mediator. This enzymatic system maintains freedom from oxygen influence while significantly reducing interference from monosaccharides and disaccharides like mannose, maltose, and lactose, thus improving overall measurement reliability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition significantly increases glucose detection speed and accuracy, reducing the impact of humidity and interfering substances, making it suitable for reliable glucose measurement in various conditions.
Implementation Method 1
including metal-containing complex and thionine or derivative thereof as an electron transfer mediator
Implementation Method 2
A redox-reagent composition incorporating a metal-containing complex and thionine or its derivatives as an electron transfer mediator, which enhances the reaction speed between redox enzymes and the metal complex
Data Source
AI summary
A composition of redox-reagent containing metal-containing complex and thionine or its derivative as electron transfer mediator for use in an electrochemical biosensor, and a biosensor containing the same are provided. With the increase in reaction rate between redox enzyme-thionine (or its derivative)-metal-containing complex in the composition of redox-reagent containing metal-containing complex and thionine or its derivative, glucose detection efficiency markedly increases, and the composition is hardly influenced from high humidity and interfering substances. Accordingly, the composition of redox-reagent is useful in fabricating an electrochemical biosensor for detecting glucose in blood.