Refractive Layer Structure for Thin Displays With Higher Light Extraction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Display apparatuses face challenges in achieving accurate and clear color representation while maintaining a large size and thin profile, requiring innovative solutions to enhance light-emitting efficiency and visibility.
Innovation Solution
A display apparatus incorporating a refractive layer with a first refractive layer and a second refractive layer, where the second refractive layer has a higher refractive index and includes high refractive particles dispersed at different concentrations, arranged through inkjet or deposition processes, to adjust light paths and increase light-extraction efficiency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Volume of moving object
If a display apparatus is made larger and thinner, then it is more appealing and better accommodated by various electronic devices, but light-emitting efficiency and color accuracy deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by modifying the refractive index distribution within the display structure. A refractive layer with spatially varying refractive indices (n1, n2, n3) is introduced to optimize light extraction efficiency. By carefully selecting and positioning materials with different refractive indices, the patent enhances light-emitting efficiency without increasing device thickness, thus resolving the contradiction between thin profile and light emission performance.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite materials by combining multiple layers with different refractive indices, including organic and inorganic materials. The refractive layer comprises composite structures with particles dispersed in a matrix material, creating a graded refractive index profile. This composite approach enables improved light extraction and color accuracy while maintaining the desired thin form factor.
2Device complexity
If a single refractive layer is used, then the structure is simple, but light path control and light-extraction efficiency are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies segmentation by dividing the refractive layer into multiple sub-layers, each with distinct refractive indices and thicknesses. The refractive layer is segmented into at least three regions with different optical properties, allowing independent optimization of light path control in each segment. This segmented structure enables precise manipulation of light extraction efficiency while maintaining overall structural simplicity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements local quality by assigning different refractive indices and material compositions to different regions of the refractive layer. Each local region is optimized for specific optical functions, with the refractive index varying spatially to control light paths at different locations. This local optimization approach maximizes light-extraction efficiency without requiring a uniformly complex structure throughout the entire device.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution significantly enhances light-emitting efficiency and front visibility by changing light paths, improving color representation and overall display performance.
Implementation Method 1
A portion of light emitted from the display element is totally reflected by an interface between an inner wall of the opening and the second refractive layer and thus a light path is changed
Implementation Method 2
A display apparatus having a refractive layer... the second refractive layer having a refractive index different from that of the first refractive layer... to adjust light paths and increase light-extraction efficiency
Data Source
AI summary
A display apparatus includes a substrate, a pixel layer arranged over the substrate and including a plurality of display elements, an encapsulation member sealing the pixel layer, and a refractive layer arranged on the encapsulation layer and including a first refractive layer and a second refractive layer. The first refractive layer includes openings that correspond to the plurality of display elements, and the second refractive layer includes high refractive particles. The second refractive layer includes a first layer and a second layer, the first layer includes the high refractive particles dispersed in a first concentration, and the second layer includes the high refractive particles dispersed in a second concentration different from the first concentration.