Refractory Lining Heating via Temperature Gradient Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional methods for heating brick-lined devices are inefficient due to the lack of consideration for local temperature gradients, leading to prolonged heating times and potential damage to the lining.

Innovation Solution

The method involves controlling the energy source based on a predetermined temperature gradient within the lining, taking into account material parameters like maximum permissible thermal stress, to ensure gentle and efficient heating by regulating the energy input.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If conventional heating methods with predetermined temperature curves are used, then the heating process is simple to control, but the heating time is prolonged due to lack of consideration for local temperature gradients

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheating timeVSAvoidcontrol system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements feedback control by continuously measuring the actual temperature gradient within the refractory lining using embedded sensors and comparing it to the reference temperature gradient. The energy source is adjusted based on this comparison to maintain the optimal temperature gradient, thereby reducing heating time while preventing material damage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from static predetermined temperature curves to dynamic temperature gradient control. The system continuously adapts the heating parameters based on real-time measurements of the actual temperature gradient, allowing the control strategy to evolve during the heating process rather than following a fixed schedule.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Reliability

If large safety margins are incorporated into heating curves to prevent damage, then the refractory lining is protected from thermal stress, but the heating time increases significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelining integrityVSAvoidheating time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces conservative mechanical safety margins with precise sensor-based measurement and control of the temperature gradient. Instead of relying on oversized safety buffers in the heating curve, the system directly monitors and controls the actual thermal state of the refractory material, enabling faster heating while maintaining integrity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the control parameter from overall temperature or temperature curve to local temperature gradient. By controlling the gradient dT/dx directly rather than relying on conservative temperature profiles, the system achieves both fast heating and material protection through precise parameter management.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Productivity

If the temperature increase at the surface is accelerated, then the heating efficiency improves, but the temperature gradient increases and may damage the lining

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheating efficiencyVSAvoidthermal stress damage
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses feedback from temperature gradient sensors to regulate the energy input. When the measured gradient approaches the reference gradient, the energy source is adjusted to maintain the optimal gradient, preventing excessive thermal stress while sustaining high heating efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs periodic measurement and adjustment of the heating parameters based on the evolving temperature gradient. The control system continuously cycles through measurement, comparison, and adjustment phases, allowing the heating process to adapt rhythmically to the material's thermal response.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach significantly reduces heating times while preventing material damage, thereby extending the service life of the lining and optimizing energy use.

Implementation Method 1

the lining is heated by an energy source... the temperature gradient which forms or establishes itself within the lining... is used as a control variable for controlling the energy source

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal energy transfer: Conduction (thermal)

Data Source

PatentEP3097996B1Method for heating a brick-lined device
Publication Date: 2020.03.18 SMS GROUP GMBH
  • EP3097996B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3097996B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3097996B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for heating a refractory-lined device (1) or an object, in which the refractory lining (2) of the device (1) or the object is heated by an energy source (4). During the heating of the refractory lining (2) or the object, the energy source (4) is controlled as a function of a predetermined setpoint for a temperature gradient generated within the refractory lining or the object (2) until its target temperature is reached. The predetermined setpoint for this temperature gradient is determined taking into account at least one material property consisting of specific heat capacity (Cp), thermal conductivity (λ), density (ρ), and/or maximum permissible thermal stress (σTmax).