Refractory Lining Wear Measurement with Dual Laser Scanners

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for measuring wear of refractory linings in receptacles containing molten metal, such as ladles and electric arc furnaces, are inaccurate due to shadow zones created by slag rims and require complex merging of partial 3D images, leading to incomplete and less precise wear analysis.

Innovation Solution

Utilizing two laser scanners positioned to provide overlapping views of the refractory lining, allowing for simultaneous scanning and merging of data to create a comprehensive 3D image, which includes areas obscured by deposits, thereby enhancing accuracy and resolution.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a single laser scanner is used to scan the refractory lining, then the device complexity is low, but the measurement precision is insufficient due to shadow zones created by slag rims

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement precisionVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The refractory lining surface is divided into multiple scan zones, with different laser scanners positioned to scan different zones. The first laser scanner scans areas not obscured by slag rims, while the second laser scanner scans shadow zones from a different angle, eliminating measurement gaps through spatial segmentation of the scanning task

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The solution transitions from a single scanning position to multiple scanning positions in three-dimensional space. By positioning laser scanners at different locations and angles around the receptacle, the system captures the refractory lining surface from multiple dimensions, eliminating shadow zones and achieving complete surface coverage

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Measurement precision

If multiple laser scanners are used to cover shadow zones, then the measurement precision improves, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement precisionVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The scanning system is segmented into multiple independent laser scanners, each responsible for specific zones of the refractory lining. This segmentation allows each scanner to operate independently in its optimal position while collectively achieving complete coverage, balancing precision improvement with manageable system complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Multiple laser scanners perform the same basic function of emitting and receiving laser beams to measure surface topography, but are positioned at different locations to serve different scanning purposes. This multi-functionality approach allows the system to maintain consistent measurement capabilities across all zones without requiring fundamentally different measurement technologies

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Measurement precision

If the laser scanner is positioned close to the receptacle to get detailed views, then the measurement precision improves, but the reliability decreases due to heat exposure

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement precisionVSAvoidreliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The laser scanners are positioned at a safe distance from the hot receptacle surface, utilizing three-dimensional spatial arrangement to achieve both detailed measurement and thermal protection. By optimizing the distance and angle of scanner positioning, the system maintains measurement precision while ensuring scanner reliability through adequate thermal separation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

4Area of stationary object

If successive 3D images are merged from multiple scanner positions, then the area coverage improves, but the measurement precision decreases due to merging complexity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvearea coverageVSAvoidmeasurement precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of stationary objectVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system merges 3D images from multiple laser scanners by establishing coordinate transformations between different scanner reference frames. Through merging processing that aligns and integrates data from all scanners, the system achieves complete surface coverage while maintaining measurement precision through coordinated data fusion rather than simple concatenation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method provides a more accurate and efficient measurement of wear by ensuring complete coverage of the refractory lining, reducing exposure time to harsh environments, and enabling precise detection of wear and deposit zones.

Implementation Method 1

a laser beam emitter adapted to emit a laser beam towards the refractory lining

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser: Laser

Implementation Method 2

a laser beam receiver adapted to receive the reflected laser beam

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReflection: Reflection

Implementation Method 3

measuring a transit time between emission of the laser beam and reception of the reflected laser beam

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTime of flight: Time of Flight

Data Source

PatentEP3551951B1Process for measuring wear of a refractory lining of a receptacle intended to contain molten metal
Publication Date: 2025.08.13 ARCELORMITTAL SA
  • EP3551951B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3551951B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3551951B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Process for measuring wear of a refractory lining (1) of a receptacle (2) intended to contain molten metal, comprising the following steps: - scanning a first surface (4A) of the refractory lining using a first laser scanner (21A) in order to obtain a first initial set of data representative of the first surface, - scanning a second surface (4B) of the refractory lining using a second laser scanner (21B), distinct from the first laser scanner, in order to obtain a second initial set of data representative of the second surface, wherein the second surface includes a grey zone (6B) for the first laser scanner, the receptacle defining an obstacle (3) located between the first laser scanner and the grey zone during scanning by the first laser scanner, and - calculating a final set of data using the first initial set of data and the second initial set of data, the final set of data being representative of a surface (4) of the refractory lining including the first surface and the second surface.