Refrigerant Composition Blending to Reduce Flammability and GWP

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current refrigerant compositions used in HVAC systems face challenges with flammability and global warming potential, particularly with low GWP HFCs and ultra-low GWP HFOs, which can be mildly flammable, limiting their use due to safety concerns.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating a non-flammable refrigerant, such as R125, into compositions with low GWP HFCs (like R32) and ultra-low GWP HFOs (like R1234yf) to reduce flammability and global warming potential while maintaining performance characteristics, such as thermodynamic properties, by adjusting the percentage of each refrigerant to achieve desired properties.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-generated harmful factors

If low GWP HFCs and ultra-low GWP HFOs are used as refrigerants, then global warming potential is reduced, but flammability increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveglobal warming potentialVSAvoidflammability
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies composite refrigerant compositions by combining multiple refrigerant components (R32, R1234yf, and R125) in specific proportions. This creates a composite refrigerant mixture that balances the low GWP benefits of HFCs and HFOs with the flammability reduction provided by R125, achieving both environmental and safety objectives simultaneously

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the compositional parameters of the refrigerant mixture by specifying precise weight percentage ranges for each component (R32: 64.0-69.0%, R125: 6.5-7.5%, R1234yf: 25.5-28.5%). This parameter optimization allows the composition to achieve desired performance characteristics while maintaining both low GWP and reduced flammability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Productivity

If R32 refrigerant is used to maintain performance characteristics, then thermodynamic performance is improved, but flammability increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermodynamic performanceVSAvoidflammability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by assigning specific functional roles to different refrigerant components within the mixture. R32 provides the primary thermodynamic performance in controlled proportions (64.0-69.0%), while R125 (6.5-7.5%) specifically addresses flammability concerns, and R1234yf (25.5-28.5%) contributes to low GWP. Each component's properties are optimized for its specific function within the composite system

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite refrigerant system that combines the high-performance but flammable R32 with flammability-reducing R125 and low-GWP R1234yf. This composite approach maintains the thermodynamic advantages of R32 while mitigating its flammability risks through the synergistic effects of the multi-component mixture

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Object-affected harmful factors

If non-flammable refrigerant R125 is added to reduce flammability, then safety is improved, but global warming potential increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveflammabilityVSAvoidglobal warming potential
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies partial action by adding only a controlled, limited amount of R125 (6.5-7.5% by weight) to the refrigerant mixture. This partial incorporation is sufficient to achieve the desired flammability reduction and safety improvements while minimizing the impact on GWP, thereby balancing safety benefits against environmental concerns

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Data Source

PatentEP3851504B1Refrigerant compositions
Publication Date: 2024.10.02 TRANE INTERNATIONAL INC
  • EP3851504B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3851504B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3851504B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

Compositions and methods are described for reducing flammability in a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system having R32 refrigerant included in the refrigerant composition. Refrigerant compositions and methods of use are described which can be used for retrofitting, servicing, controlling flammability, improving performance, lubricant solubility and miscibility, and improving the safety of an HVAC system.