Refrigeration system with leak detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing transportation refrigeration systems with multiple compartments require individual refrigeration circuits to maintain distinct temperatures, which can lead to inefficiencies and increased complexity, and lack effective mechanisms to manage refrigerant leaks that could compromise temperature control.

Innovation Solution

A single-temperature transportation refrigeration system with a parallel evaporator arrangement and shut-off valves, along with refrigerant detection sensors and fans, allows for isolation of evaporators in case of leaks, ensuring continued operation and maintaining compartment temperature by isolating the affected evaporator from the refrigeration circuit.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If multiple individual refrigeration circuits are used for distinct compartments, then each compartment can maintain distinct temperatures, but system complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature control capabilityVSAvoidrefrigeration circuit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines multiple evaporators into a single shared refrigeration circuit, allowing one circuit to serve multiple compartments. The compressor and condenser are shared resources, while multiple evaporators are connected through a common refrigerant distribution manifold, reducing the number of independent circuits needed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The shared refrigeration circuit is designed to serve multiple functions by conditioning different compartments simultaneously. The system uses a common compressor and condenser that can support multiple evaporators, each serving different temperature zones within the same refrigeration system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Device complexity

If a single refrigeration circuit is used for multiple compartments, then system complexity is reduced, but a refrigerant leak in one evaporator can affect the entire system

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverefrigeration circuit complexityVSAvoidtemperature control reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the shared refrigeration circuit into isolated zones using refrigerant isolation valves. Each evaporator is equipped with its own isolation valves that can close off the refrigerant flow to that specific evaporator, creating separate segments within the unified circuit. This allows a leak in one segment to be contained without affecting other segments.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The refrigerant isolation valves act as intermediaries between the shared refrigeration circuit and individual evaporators. These valves control and regulate refrigerant flow to each evaporator independently, enabling the system to isolate problematic components while maintaining operation of healthy components through the same circuit.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Reliability

If refrigerant leaks are detected early, then the system can isolate the affected evaporator, but detection and response time are critical

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature control reliabilityVSAvoidresponse time to leak
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system incorporates refrigerant detection sensors that continuously monitor for leaks and provide feedback to the control system. When a leak is detected, the control system automatically activates the isolation valves for the affected evaporator, creating a closed-loop feedback mechanism that rapidly responds to maintain system reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution enables efficient temperature control in a single compartment with reduced risk of refrigerant leakage affecting the entire system, extending the time before undesirable temperature changes occur and minimizing damage to goods, while providing an alarm for leak detection.

Implementation Method 1

the first refrigerant detection sensor is configured to identify the presence of refrigerant in an atmosphere of the first enclosure

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGas detection:

Implementation Method 2

The evaporator cools air to be delivered into an environment to be conditioned

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat exchange: Heat Exchanger

Implementation Method 3

a compressor compresses a refrigerant and delivers it into a condenser

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCompression: Compression

Implementation Method 4

The refrigerant is cooled and passes through an expansion valve

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCondensation: Condensation

Implementation Method 5

The refrigerant is cooled and passes through an expansion valve. The refrigerant is expanded

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectExpansion:

Data Source

PatentEP3534093B1Refrigeration system with leak detection
Publication Date: 2024.09.18 CARRIER CORP
  • EP3534093B1 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

A transportation refrigeration system (20) includes a compartment to be conditioned (22). A refrigeration circuit (24) is associated with an enclosure including a compressor (26). A condenser (28) and an expansion valve (30) are upstream of a first evaporator (34) and a second evaporator (36). The first evaporator (34) is in parallel with the second evaporator (36). A first enclosure (42) surrounds the first evaporator (34). The first enclosure (42) includes a first refrigerant detection sensor (58) in communication with a controller (32). A second enclosure (44) surrounds the second evaporator (36). The second enclosure (44) includes a second detection refrigerant sensor (58) in communication with the controller (32).