3D Model Visualization for Refueling Boom Guidance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing systems fail to effectively aid maneuvering of obscured objects by not utilizing 3D models to enhance visibility and guidance, particularly in scenarios like refueling operations where direct line-of-sight is obstructed.

Innovation Solution

A system that uses a camera and processor on a refueling aircraft to generate a 3D model visualization of the receiver aircraft and refueling boom, determining their positions and separation distance, and displaying a side perspective view to guide the boom to the receptacle, while also indicating potential collisions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of information

If synthetic or enhanced-vision systems are used to enhance scene visibility, then information content within imagery is improved, but the system does not exploit the unconstrained nature of model-based scene generation and remains limited to simple enhancement

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinformation contentVSAvoidmodel-based scene generation capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of informationVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The system creates a virtual copy of the physical scene using 3D models of objects (refueling boom, receiver aircraft, etc.) and renders it from any desired viewpoint. This virtual scene copy allows complete freedom of viewing angles without being constrained by actual camera positions, enabling the operator to see around obstacles and understand spatial relationships that are impossible to capture with physical cameras alone.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The system transitions from 2D camera imagery to 3D virtual scene reconstruction. By building three-dimensional models of all objects and their spatial relationships, the system enables viewing from any angle and position in 3D space, not just the fixed perspectives available from physical cameras. This dimensional enhancement provides comprehensive situational awareness.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Ease of operation

If vision-guided robotics systems are used to assist manipulation of objects, then robotic servo-systems capability is improved, but the system does not exploit the advantage gained through knowledge of 3D models of objects in a scene

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveobject manipulation capabilityVSAvoid3D model knowledge
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The system continuously updates the virtual scene based on actual sensor data and camera imagery, comparing the rendered virtual positions of objects with their actual detected positions. This feedback loop ensures the 3D model remains accurate and synchronized with the real scene, providing reliable guidance information for manual or automated manipulation tasks.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Area of stationary object

If multiple physical cameras are used to capture all viewing angles, then complete scene coverage is improved, but device complexity and cost increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvescene coverageVSAvoidcamera system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of stationary objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of deploying multiple physical cameras to capture every viewpoint, the system creates a virtual copy of the scene using 3D models and software rendering. This single virtual scene can be viewed from any angle or position computationally, eliminating the need for complex multi-camera arrangements while achieving complete scene coverage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The system replaces the mechanical solution of multiple physical cameras with a computational approach. By using 3D model-based rendering and image processing algorithms, the system generates virtual views from any perspective without requiring additional physical camera hardware, thereby reducing system complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Data Source

PatentEP3566949B1Aiding maneuvering of obscured objects
Publication Date: 2021.04.07 THE BOEING CO
  • EP3566949B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP3566949B1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP3566949B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3

AI summary

A system is provided. The system includes a camera on a refueling aircraft to obtain an image of a receiver aircraft having a receptacle for refueling the receiver aircraft. The system also includes a processor on the refueling aircraft to determine an orientation and position of the receiver aircraft relative to the camera, a separation distance and respective positions of a refueling boom of the refueling aircraft and the receptacle. The processor also generates a display of a side perspective view of 3D models of the refueling boom and the receiver aircraft having the receptacle. The display of the side perspective view illustrates a current position of the refueling boom relative to a current position of the receptacle and enables an operator on the refueling aircraft to observe and guide the refueling boom to the receptacle.