Regenerative Building Block Rectifier Low Voltage Drop

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional diode bridges experience high energy losses during signal rectification, especially at low voltages, limiting their efficiency and requiring complex circuitry for synchronous rectification, which complicates the operation and increases costs.

Innovation Solution

The development of a regenerative self-controlling semiconductor device with a regenerative building block (RBB) structure, featuring four electrodes - source, drain, gate, and probe, allowing automatic switching between ON and OFF states without the need for additional control circuitry, enabling efficient rectification with reduced voltage drop.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of energy

If conventional diode bridges are used for rectification, then the circuit structure is simple, but energy losses are high especially at low voltages

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverectification energy lossVSAvoidcircuit structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The regenerative building block uses the voltage at its own drain terminal to control the gate, enabling automatic switching between ON and OFF states without external control circuitry. This self-service mechanism eliminates the need for complex synchronous rectification controllers while achieving low voltage drops through regenerative action that reinforces the switching state.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The probe electrode detects the voltage at the drain terminal and feeds this information back to the gate control mechanism. This feedback loop enables the device to automatically sense when switching is needed and reinforces the switching action, creating a regenerative effect that reduces voltage drop and improves efficiency without requiring external sensors or controllers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Loss of energy

If synchronous rectification with MOSFET is used, then rectification efficiency is improved, but circuit complexity increases significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverectification energy lossVSAvoidcontrol circuitry
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The regenerative building block eliminates the need for external controllers, sensors, and gate drivers required by conventional synchronous rectification. The device uses its own operating voltage to control its state through the feedback mechanism, reducing the complex circuitry to just the regenerative building blocks themselves while maintaining low voltage drops comparable to synchronous rectification.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The invention extracts and eliminates the complex control circuitry (sensors, controllers, gate drivers) from the synchronous rectification system, retaining only the essential switching function implemented through the regenerative building block's inherent feedback mechanism. This removes the burden of additional signal processing while maintaining efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Loss of energy

If synchronous rectification is implemented, then rectification efficiency improves, but operation speed decreases due to signal processing

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverectification energy lossVSAvoidoperation speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The direct voltage feedback from drain to gate through the probe electrode enables instantaneous response to voltage changes. This direct feedback path eliminates the signal processing delays inherent in conventional synchronous rectification, allowing the device to switch states rapidly in response to voltage polarity changes without reducing rectification efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

4Device complexity

If conventional diodes are used, then circuit implementation is simple, but forward voltage drop is large limiting low voltage operation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecircuit implementationVSAvoidforward voltage drop
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The regenerative building block uses the voltage at its drain terminal to automatically control its own gate state. When the drain voltage exceeds the threshold, the feedback mechanism automatically switches the device to the ON state, maintaining a low voltage drop. This eliminates the need for complex control circuits while achieving superior voltage drop characteristics compared to conventional diodes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the operating parameters of the MOSFET by using regenerative feedback to maintain optimal gate voltage. This enables the device to operate in a regime where the voltage drop is minimized, allowing efficient low voltage operation that conventional diodes cannot achieve due to their fixed forward voltage characteristics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The regenerative half-bridge rectifiers achieve lower forward voltage drops and reduced leakage currents, enabling efficient operation at low voltages with simplified circuitry, comparable to synchronous rectifiers but without the complexity, thus improving frequency operation and reducing energy losses.

Implementation Method 1

The probe electrode is adapted to detect a voltage at the drain terminal and feed back to the gate

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVoltage detection and feedback: Feedback

Implementation Method 2

allowing automatic switching between ON and OFF states without the need for additional control circuitry, enabling efficient rectification with reduced voltage drop

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRegenerative switching: Feedback

Data Source

PatentEP2240960B1Regenerative building block and diode bridge rectifier and methods
Publication Date: 2018.03.14 STMICROELECTRONICS NV
  • EP2240960B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2240960B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2240960B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A rectifier building block has four electrodes: source, drain, gate and probe. The main current flows between the source and drain electrodes. The gate voltage controls the conductivity of a narrow channel under a MOS gate and can switch the RBB between OFF and ON states. Used in pairs, the RBB can be configured as a three terminal half-bridge rectifier which exhibits better than ideal diode performance, similar to synchronous rectifiers but without the need for control circuits. N-type and P-type pairs can be configured as a full bridge rectifier. Other combinations are possible to create a variety of devices.