Regulated Polyamide Powder for Laser Sintering Recyclability

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing layer-by-layer processes using polyamide powders face issues with post-condensation and increased solution viscosity, leading to reduced recyclability and impaired mechanical properties, resulting in excessive discard of recycling powder and compromised component quality.

Innovation Solution

A mixture of diacid-regulated and diamine-regulated polyamide or copolyamide powders is used, which maintains stable solution viscosity and prevents post-condensation, allowing for repeated use without significant virgin powder addition, thereby enhancing recyclability and mechanical properties.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional polyamide powder is used in layer-by-layer processes, then the powder can be selectively melted and sintered to form components, but post-condensation occurs under high temperature conditions leading to increased solution viscosity and reduced recyclability

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproverecyclabilityVSAvoidpost-condensation
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical parameters of the polyamide powder by introducing difunctional regulators (diacids or diamines) during polymerization. This regulation controls the end groups of the polymer chains, preventing post-condensation reactions under laser sintering conditions. The regulated powder maintains stable solution viscosity and can be reused multiple times without significant degradation, directly resolving the contradiction between recyclability and post-condensation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite powder system by combining regulated polyamide with controlled amounts of virgin powder in each recycling cycle. This composite approach ensures that the regulated polyamide maintains its anti-post-condensation properties while the virgin powder compensates for any minor property changes, thereby maintaining high recyclability and component quality over multiple production cycles.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Loss of substance

If recycling powder is reused in layer-by-layer processes, then material waste is reduced, but mechanical properties of the components deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvematerial wasteVSAvoidmechanical properties
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of substanceVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent modifies the chemical structure of the polyamide by incorporating difunctional regulators during synthesis. This parameter change ensures that the regulated polyamide maintains stable end groups that prevent degradation during laser sintering. As a result, recycling powder can be reused multiple times without significant loss of mechanical properties, resolving the contradiction between material waste reduction and component strength.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements a feedback mechanism by monitoring and controlling the ratio of recycling powder to virgin powder in each production cycle. The regulated polyamide provides stable performance that feedback loops can rely upon, allowing optimized mixing ratios that maximize recyclability while maintaining mechanical properties. The system adapts the virgin powder addition based on the performance characteristics of the regulated polyamide.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Manufacturing precision

If large amounts of virgin powder are mixed with recycling powder, then component quality is maintained, but production costs increase and productivity decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomponent qualityVSAvoidproduction efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical parameters of the polyamide powder through regulation with diacids or diamines. This creates a powder with stable end groups that prevent post-condensation and maintain mechanical properties over multiple recycling cycles. Consequently, much smaller amounts of virgin powder are needed in each cycle to maintain component quality, directly improving production efficiency while preserving manufacturing precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent enables effective recovery and reuse of recycling powder through the use of regulated polyamide. The stable chemical structure of the regulated powder allows it to be recovered and reused multiple times without significant quality loss. This reduces the amount of virgin powder that needs to be discarded or replaced, improving productivity while maintaining component quality through the regulated polyamide's inherent stability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #34Discarding and recovering

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enables the reuse of recycling powder with minimal virgin powder, reducing waste and maintaining mechanical properties, ensuring consistent quality and recyclability of components.

Implementation Method 1

In this process, polymer powders in a chamber are selectively, briefly irradiated with a laser beam, resulting in melting of the particles of powder on which the laser beam falls

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser heating: Laser

Implementation Method 2

melting of the particles of powder on which the laser beam falls. The molten particles fuse and solidify again after cooling

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMelting: Melting

Implementation Method 3

The molten particles fuse and solidify again after cooling to give a solid mass

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFusion:

Implementation Method 4

The molten particles fuse and solidify again after cooling to give a solid mass

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSolidification: Freezing

Implementation Method 5

the powder bed surrounding the melted regions provides sufficient support

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGravitational support: Gravitation

Data Source

PatentUS8173258B2Powder with improved recycling properties, process for its production, and use of the powder in a process for producing three-dimensional objects
Publication Date: 2012.05.08 EVONIK OPERATIONS GMBH

AI summary

A powder which is capable of being used in a layer-by-layer process in which regions of the respective pulverulent layer are selectively melted and, after cooling, are fixed, contains a mixture of diacid-regulated polyamide and diamine-regulated polyamide and/or diacid-regulated copolyamide and diamine-regulated copolyamide.