Voltage Regulator Current Scaling for Stable Low-Power Operation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current voltage regulators in low-power applications consume excessive power due to their static configuration, leading to voltage drops and increased energy consumption, especially in applications with varying computational demands, where dynamic current scaling is needed to balance power consumption and noise levels.

Innovation Solution

A controller and system that dynamically scale the input current of a voltage regulator based on activity duration, reducing the current during standby periods and maintaining it at a higher level during active periods, using a threshold comparison to determine when to perform dynamic current scaling across output data rate periods.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If the voltage regulator uses a static high current configuration to reduce voltage drops, then the voltage stability is improved, but the power consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage stabilityVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic current scaling that automatically adjusts the regulator current based on real-time activity detection. The system transitions from a static high current configuration to a dynamic configuration where current is scaled down during low-activity periods and scaled up during high-activity periods, resolving the contradiction between maintaining voltage stability and reducing power consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the current parameter dynamically based on activity duration thresholds. When activity duration exceeds a threshold, the current is increased to prevent voltage drops; when activity duration is below the threshold, the current is decreased to save power. This parameter adaptation resolves the contradiction by making current a variable rather than a fixed value.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Use of energy by moving object

If the voltage regulator uses a static low current configuration to reduce power consumption, then the power efficiency is improved, but the voltage drops increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower efficiencyVSAvoidvoltage stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The dynamic current scaling mechanism allows the system to operate at low current during idle periods (improving power efficiency) while automatically switching to high current when activity is detected (maintaining voltage stability). This dynamic behavior resolves the contradiction by adapting current to actual workload requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system performs preliminary detection of activity duration and proactively adjusts current before voltage drops occur. By monitoring activity patterns and comparing against thresholds, the system prepares the appropriate current level in advance, preventing voltage instability before it happens while minimizing unnecessary power consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Use of energy by moving object

If the regulator current is dynamically adjusted frequently to match computational demands, then the power consumption is optimized, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower consumptionVSAvoidcontrol mechanism complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the operating range into discrete current levels (first current level and second current level) rather than continuous adjustment. This segmentation simplifies the control mechanism while still achieving significant power optimization, resolving the contradiction between power efficiency and device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes only one critical parameter (current level) based on a simple threshold comparison of activity duration. This single-parameter control approach achieves power optimization without requiring complex multi-parameter control systems, resolving the contradiction between power consumption optimization and device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP4276582A1Dynamic current scaling of a regulator
Publication Date: 2023.11.15 STMICROELECTRONICS SRL
  • EP4276582A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4276582A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4276582A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method and system for performing dynamic current scaling of an input current of a voltage regulator. The system comprises a regulator configured to receive an input current and provide a regulated voltage, and a controller configured to: receive a threshold for an activity duration; determine a first activity duration in a first output data rate period of a plurality of output data rate periods; compare the first activity duration with the threshold for the activity duration; in response to determining that the first activity duration exceeds the threshold, refrain from performing dynamic current scaling on the input current in the first output data rate period; and in response to determining that the first activity duration does not exceed the threshold, cause the dynamic current scaling to be performed on the input current in the first output data rate period. The method and system allow tuning current consumption in various applications, calculating a duration of an activity phase in which various algorithms are executed and activating dynamic current scaling of a regulator if the activity duration is shorter than a programmable threshold.