Relay Arc Path Formation Using a Halbach Array

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing direct current relays face challenges in effectively directing and extinguishing arcs generated during contact separation, leading to potential damage to internal components and safety hazards due to unpredictable arc discharge paths influenced by current direction.

Innovation Solution

The introduction of a Halbach array and magnet unit within a magnet frame structure to form a magnetic field that directs arcs away from the relay's central components, enhancing the electromagnetic force to quickly extinguish and discharge arcs without altering the relay's design significantly.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If permanent magnets are provided in the space where fixed contacts and movable contact are in contact, then arc discharge path can be formed by magnetic field and electromagnetic force, but arc cannot be immediately discharged to the outside when electromagnetic force is formed toward the inside (central portion of movable contact)

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvearc discharge reliabilityVSAvoidarc damage to internal components
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies asymmetry by configuring permanent magnets with different polarities on opposite sides of the contact space. Specifically, one permanent magnet has its N-pole facing the contact space while the other has its S-pole facing the contact space, creating an asymmetric magnetic field distribution that generates electromagnetic force consistently directed toward the outside regardless of current flow direction. This asymmetric polarity arrangement resolves the contradiction by ensuring reliable arc discharge while preventing arc damage to internal components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

2Ease of operation

If electromagnetic force is formed toward the inside (central portion of movable contact), then arc generated at that location cannot be immediately discharged to the outside, but changing the direction of current flow changes the location where electromagnetic force is formed, causing inconvenience to use

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecurrent direction independenceVSAvoidarc discharge performance
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses asymmetric polarity configuration of permanent magnets to create a magnetic field that is independent of current flow direction. The opposing polarities (N-pole on one side, S-pole on the other) ensure that electromagnetic force always acts in the same direction (toward the outside) regardless of which way current flows through the contacts. This eliminates the need for users to consider current direction while maintaining reliable arc discharge performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

Solution Approach 2:

The permanent magnet arrangement provides universal arc discharge functionality that works independently of current direction. The magnetic field configuration is designed to perform the same arc discharge function whether current flows in one direction or the other, making the relay versatile and easy to operate without requiring users to account for current direction effects.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively prevents damage to internal components by ensuring arcs are directed externally, preventing collisions and enhancing the relay's durability and safety by utilizing the Halbach array's magnetic field strength to enhance electromagnetic force for efficient arc discharge.

Implementation Method 1

a Halbach array located in the space part of the magnet frame and configured to form a magnetic field in the space part

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic field: Magnetic Field

Implementation Method 2

The arc discharge path may be formed by the formed magnetic field and an electromagnetic force generated by a flow of current

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic force: Lorentz Force

Data Source

PatentEP4174895B1Arc path formation unit and direct current relay including same
Publication Date: 2025.08.27 LS ELECTRIC CO LTD
  • EP4174895B1 patent drawingFigure 1(a)~1(b)
  • EP4174895B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4174895B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An arc path formation unit and a direct current relay including same are disclosed. The arc path formation unit according to various embodiments of the present invention comprises a Halbach array and a magnet unit, which form a magnetic field in a space part in which fixed contacts are accommodated. The formed magnetic field forms an electromagnetic force together with the current applied to the direct current relay. The formed electromagnetic force can induce generated arcs Here, the electromagnetic force formed in proximity to the respective fixed contacts is formed in the direction of moving away from the respective fixed contacts. Therefore, the generated arcs do not meet each other, and thus can be effectively extinguished and discharged.