Relay Network Coding for Reliable V2V Packet Delivery

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing wireless communication systems, particularly in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) networks, face challenges in efficiently delivering data packets due to varying channel conditions and packet loss, which can be exacerbated by the movement of vehicles, leading to suboptimal decoding and retransmission processes.

Innovation Solution

Implementing relay-aided linear network coding with random linear network coding and a multiple-knapsack problem-based block selection mechanism, where relay nodes like RSUs decode and re-encode packets using time stamps and feedback information to optimize data delivery to vehicles.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If traditional retransmission schemes are used in V2V networks, then packet delivery can be achieved, but transmission efficiency deteriorates due to frequent retransmissions caused by packet loss and varying channel conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransmission efficiencyVSAvoidpacket delivery reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces relay nodes as intermediaries in the V2V network that perform network coding operations. These relay nodes receive packets from source nodes, encode them using linear network coding techniques, and forward the coded packets to destination nodes. This intermediary function allows the system to achieve both high transmission efficiency and reliable packet delivery by reducing the need for direct retransmissions between source and destination nodes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the transmission parameter from direct packet forwarding to network-coded packet forwarding. By transforming the packets through linear combination at relay nodes, the system alters the packet structure and transmission characteristics, enabling more efficient utilization of channel resources and reducing the impact of packet loss through the inherent redundancy provided by network coding.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Productivity

If network coding is implemented in V2V networks, then transmission efficiency improves, but decoding complexity increases at relay nodes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata transmission efficiencyVSAvoiddecoding complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the network coding process into distinct phases: encoding at relay nodes and decoding at destination nodes. The relay nodes perform relatively simple linear encoding operations by combining packets with random coefficients, while the decoding complexity is concentrated at the destination nodes that have received sufficient independent coded packets to reconstruct the original data through Gaussian elimination or similar algorithms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The relay nodes act as intermediaries that perform simplified network coding operations without needing to perform complex decoding. They receive packets, apply linear combinations with random coefficients, and forward the coded packets. This intermediary approach allows the system to achieve efficient transmission while keeping the complexity at relay nodes minimal, as they only need to perform encoding rather than full decoding operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Reliability

If relay nodes decode and re-encode packets, then data delivery reliability improves, but processing time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata delivery reliabilityVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The relay nodes perform preliminary encoding actions by pre-computing linear combinations of received packets and storing these coded packets in buffers. When destination nodes request specific data or when certain conditions are met, the pre-encoded packets can be quickly forwarded without requiring real-time decoding and re-encoding operations, thus reducing processing time while maintaining delivery reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The network coding process enables continuous transmission of coded packets from relay nodes to destination nodes without interruption for decoding operations. The useful action of data transmission continues uninterrupted as relay nodes continuously generate and forward linear combinations of source packets, ensuring that destination nodes receive a steady stream of coded packets that can be decoded once sufficient independent packets are accumulated.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Data Source

PatentEP3763069B1Method, apparatus and computer program
Publication Date: 2025.09.17 NOKIA TECHNOLOGIES OY
  • EP3763069B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3763069B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3763069B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

There is provided a method comprising receiving, at an apparatus from a base station, data information comprising network coded blocks, decoding the network coded blocks, storing the decoded blocks in a memory, determining, based on an attribute, at least one of the decoded blocks in the memory to be sent to a user equipment and causing the determined at least one of the decoded blocks to be sent to the user equipment from the apparatus using network coding.