Relay Node ZK Proof Batching for Main-Chain TPS and Storage Limits

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing blockchain networks face limitations in transaction per second (TPS) and excessive storage pressure due to high transaction volumes, leading to long waiting times and data expansion issues.

Innovation Solution

A method involving a relay node in a sub-blockchain network processes transaction data for a target sub-chain account, generates zero-knowledge proof data, and commits it to a main chain node to update status data, allowing batch execution and verification in the sub-blockchain network, thereby reducing the load on the main blockchain.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If all transaction data is processed and stored on the main blockchain network, then data security and integrity are maintained, but transaction processing speed decreases and storage pressure increases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvedata securityVSAvoidtransaction processing speed

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the blockchain network into a main chain and multiple sub-chains. Transaction processing is segmented across these chains, with the main chain handling consensus and critical functions, while sub-chains handle specific transaction processing. This segmentation allows parallel processing of transactions across multiple sub-chains, significantly improving throughput while maintaining security through the main chain's consensus mechanism.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces relay nodes as intermediaries between sub-chains and the main chain. These relay nodes aggregate transactions from multiple sub-chains, perform preliminary validation, and submit consolidated data to the main chain. This intermediary layer reduces the burden on the main chain while ensuring security through cryptographic verification and zero-knowledge proofs.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Loss of information

If all transaction data is stored on the main blockchain network, then data completeness is ensured, but storage pressure and data expansion risks increase

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvedata completenessVSAvoidstorage pressure

Core Design Contradiction:

Loss of informationVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments data storage across the main chain and sub-chains. Only essential data (transaction hashes, state roots, and critical metadata) is stored on the main chain, while detailed transaction data is stored on sub-chains. This segmentation dramatically reduces main chain storage requirements while ensuring data completeness through cross-chain verification mechanisms.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses cryptographic copying mechanisms where the main chain stores compressed representations (hashes and state roots) of sub-chain data rather than full copies. Relay nodes maintain copies of sub-chain data and can provide verification information to the main chain without transferring the entire dataset, reducing storage pressure while maintaining data integrity.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #26Copying

3Measurement precision

If transaction validation is performed on every node in the main blockchain network, then verification accuracy is maintained, but processing time increases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveverification accuracyVSAvoidprocessing time

Core Design Contradiction:

Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements preliminary validation at multiple stages before main chain processing. Relay nodes perform initial transaction validation, sub-chain nodes execute transactions and verify results, and zero-knowledge proofs are generated in advance. This preliminary action ensures verification accuracy is maintained while dramatically reducing the computational burden and time required on the main chain.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces traditional mechanical verification (where every main chain node validates every transaction) with cryptographic verification using zero-knowledge proofs. These proofs provide mathematical guarantees of transaction validity without requiring nodes to re-execute transactions, substituting computationally intensive mechanical verification with efficient cryptographic verification.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Data Source

PatentUS12537687B2Blockchain-based data processing method and apparatus, device, and readable storage medium

Publication Date: 2026.01.27 TENCENT TECHNOLOGY (SHENZHEN) CO LTD

AI summary

A data processing method includes executing, by a relay node belonging to a sub-blockchain network, transaction data for a target sub-chain account to obtain a transaction execution result, obtaining total account status data in the sub-blockchain network that includes status data of at least two sub-chain accounts including the target sub-chain account, generating candidate total account status data that includes data obtained by modifying the status data of the target sub-chain account in the total account status data according to the transaction execution result, generating zero-knowledge proof data using a preset zero-knowledge proof circuit according to the total account status data and the candidate total account status data, and committing the zero-knowledge proof data and status change information associated with the transaction execution result to a main chain node belonging to a main blockchain network. The target sub-chain account is associated with a target main chain account.