Relay Optical System Pupil Position Stability
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional variable power relay optical systems in microscopes face challenges in maintaining a constant position of the exit pupil during zooming, leading to interference with optical modulation devices like phase plates.
Innovation Solution
A variable power relay optical system is designed with a specific lens configuration, including a first lens group with positive refractive power, a second lens group with negative refractive power, and a third and fourth lens group with positive refractive power, where the second lens group is positioned to the front side within the system, allowing the exit pupil to be located to the rear side, minimizing pupil position variation during zooming.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Volume of moving object
If the exit pupil is located inside the variable power lens system, then the lens system can be compact, but optical modulation devices like phase plates physically interfere with the lens during zooming
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the exit pupil from the interior of the variable power lens system and relocates it to the rear side of the lens system. This is achieved through a specific optical configuration where the first lens group has positive refractive power, the second lens group has negative refractive power, and the third lens group has positive refractive power, with specific focal length relationships that push the exit pupil position to the rear side, eliminating physical interference with optical modulation devices while maintaining compactness
2Device complexity
If the exit pupil position varies during zooming, then the lens system can be simpler in structure, but optical modulation devices cannot be properly positioned and image contrast deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs dynamic adjustment mechanisms where the first, second, and third lens groups can move along the optical axis during zooming. The control unit coordinates these movements to dynamically maintain the exit pupil position at a fixed location on the rear side of the lens system throughout the zoom range, ensuring stable positioning for optical modulation devices while achieving variable magnification functionality
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the refractive power distribution and focal length relationships among the lens groups to achieve the desired pupil position stability. Specifically, the first lens group has positive refractive power with focal length f1, the second lens group has negative refractive power with focal length f2, and the third lens group has positive refractive power with focal length f3, where specific parameter relationships ensure the exit pupil remains stationary on the rear side during zooming operations
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration ensures minimal variation in the pupil position of the variable power lens system upon zooming, enabling effective phase contrast microscopy and structured illumination microscopy by maintaining the pupil position consistently to the rear side of the lens system, preventing interference and enhancing image contrast.
Implementation Method 1
a first lens group G1 having positive refractive power
Implementation Method 2
a second lens group G2 having negative refractive power
Implementation Method 3
a third lens group G3 having positive refractive power
Implementation Method 4
a fifth lens group G5 having positive refractive power
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2A~2C
Figure 3
AI summary
A variable power relay optical system comprising: a variable power lens performing zooming a secondary image based on light from a primary image; and a rear group forming the secondary image based on the light passing through the variable power lens; the variable power lens consisting of, in order from the primary image side, a first group G1 having positive power, a second group G2 having negative power, a third group G4 [sic] having positive power, and a fourth group G5 [sic] having positive power, upon zooming from a high magnification end to a low magnification end, the fourth group G4 being moved to the secondary image side, and a distance between the first group G1 and the second group G2 increasing, positions of the primary image and the secondary image, an entrance pupil of the variable power relay optical system, a pupil of the variable power lens, and an exit pupil of the variable power relay optical system being substantially kept constant, and the pupil of the variable power lens being disposed to the secondary image side of the last surface of the variable power lens.