Reloadable microcapsules

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-forming the microcapsule wall structure before introducing the active material. The wall-forming materials (polyisocyanate and polyamine) are polymerized to create a complete microcapsule shell with core solvent inside, but without the reactive fragrance ingredients. This preliminary wall formation prevents subsequent reaction between the fragrance ingredients and wall-forming materials, as the reactive groups are already consumed in creating the stable polymer wall. The active material is then introduced into the pre-formed capsule through diffusion or loading processes.

The patent applies parameter changes by modifying the core solvent composition to include both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components. Instead of using a purely hydrophobic oil core that would exclude water-soluble ingredients, the core contains a mixture of core solvents with different polarities. This dual-nature core environment allows water-soluble fragrance ingredients to partition into the core phase during or after wall formation, improving encapsulation efficiency for a broader range of active materials with varying solubility characteristics.

The patent applies dynamics by creating a microcapsule system with dynamically adjustable permeability. The microcapsule wall is designed with controlled porosity or incorporating permeable segments that allow selective diffusion of active materials. This dynamic permeability enables the capsule to initially retain encapsulated materials for substantivity while also allowing subsequent loading of additional active materials through diffusion across the wall. The permeability can be tuned by adjusting wall thickness, cross-linking density, or pore size to balance retention and reloadability requirements.