Removable Optical Modules for Multiplex Fluorescence Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional real-time PCR instruments face challenges in efficiently detecting multiple target species using fluorescent dyes due to complex electromechanical parts, limited spectral resolution, and the need for frequent module changes, which complicates multiplex PCR analysis.
Innovation Solution
A multiplex fluorescence detection device with removable optical modules optimized for discrete wavelength bands, coupled via a multi-legged optical fiber bundle to a single detector, allowing for efficient interrogation of multiple reactions at different wavelengths within a single process chamber, enabling quick module interchange and flexible detection configurations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional PCR instruments use white light sources with filter wheels for spectrally resolving fluorescent dyes, then spectral resolution is achieved, but device complexity and reliability deteriorate due to complicated electromechanical parts susceptible to wear
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical filter wheel system with a solid-state LED array that can be electronically controlled to emit different wavelengths. This substitution eliminates moving parts and mechanical wear while maintaining spectral resolution through electronic wavelength selection.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the light source from continuous spectrum white light to discrete wavelength LEDs. By changing the fundamental parameter of light emission from continuous to discrete wavelengths, the system achieves spectral resolution without requiring mechanical filtering components.
2Measurement precision
If conventional PCR instruments use white light sources with filter wheels, then spectral resolution is achieved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The mechanical filter wheel assembly is replaced with an electronically controlled LED array. This substitution reduces device complexity by eliminating mechanical components while maintaining spectral resolution through electronic wavelength selection.
Solution Approach 2:
The LED array serves multiple functions: it acts as both the light source and the spectral filtering mechanism. By making the light source itself wavelength-selective, the system eliminates the need for separate filter wheels and reduces overall system complexity.
3Ease of operation
If optical modules are made removable for quick module interchange, then ease of operation and adaptability improve, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The detection system is divided into independent, interchangeable optical modules, each optimized for specific wavelength ranges. This segmentation allows users to quickly swap modules based on experimental needs while maintaining a standardized interface that manages the added complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The system transitions from a fixed optical configuration to a dynamic, reconfigurable module architecture. Users can adapt the detection capabilities by swapping modules during different experimental phases, providing operational flexibility that justifies the increased system complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The modular design enhances sensitivity, minimizes spectral crosstalk, and allows for real-time analysis of multiple target species, supporting various biological reactions with independent temperature control and modular upgrades, making it suitable for remote or temporary laboratories.
Implementation Method 1
Each of the optical modules includes an optical channel having a light source selected for exciting a different one of the dyes and a lens to capture fluorescent light emitted from the disk
Implementation Method 2
a lens to capture fluorescent light emitted from the disk
Implementation Method 3
The plurality of optical modules may be optically coupled to a single detector by a multi-legged optical fiber bundle
Implementation Method 4
a single detector, e.g., a photomultiplier tube
Data Source
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AI summary
Techniques are described for the detection of multiple target species in real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction). For example, a system comprises a data acquisition device and a detection device coupled to the data acquisition device. The detection device includes a rotating disk having a plurality of process chambers having a plurality of species that emit fluorescent light at different wavelengths. The device further includes a plurality of removable optical modules. Each of the removable optical modules is optically configured to excite the species and capture fluorescent light emitted by the species at different wavelengths. A fiber optic bundle coupled to the plurality of removable optical modules conveys the fluorescent light from the optical modules to a single detector.