Renewable Energy Power Regulation via Foldback Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current systems for renewable energy sources lack effective methods for regulating power factor and phase angle control, which are crucial for maximizing efficiency and maintaining safe voltage and current limits.

Innovation Solution

A renewable energy control system that measures and regulates active and apparent power using setpoints, feedback loops, and PI regulators, with power factor and voltage foldback functions to adjust power output and phase angle, ensuring efficient power factor control and safe operational limits.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If apparent power monitoring is used to regulate power production, then power regulation capability is improved, but power factor control capability deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower regulation capabilityVSAvoidpower factor control capability
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The control system is divided into separate functional modules: an active power control loop that regulates real power output, and a reactive power control loop that independently manages reactive power and power factor. This segmentation allows each loop to optimize its specific function without interfering with the other, resolving the contradiction between power regulation and power factor control capabilities.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

A power factor control module acts as an intermediary between the apparent power monitoring system and the reactive power output. This intermediary translates apparent power measurements into appropriate reactive power adjustments, enabling both apparent power regulation and power factor control to function simultaneously through coordinated action.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Loss of energy

If phase angle control is implemented to maximize efficiency, then energy efficiency is improved, but system complexity deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy efficiencyVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system employs feedback mechanisms where the power factor control module continuously monitors reactive power output and apparent power consumption, automatically adjusting the phase angle between voltage and current to maintain optimal power factor. This closed-loop feedback enables efficient phase angle control without requiring complex manual intervention or overly sophisticated control algorithms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system controls the phase angle parameter dynamically by adjusting the reactive power output based on monitored conditions. By changing the phase angle parameter in response to system conditions rather than using fixed complex control structures, the system achieves high energy efficiency with manageable complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Stability of the object's composition

If reactive power output is increased to support voltage, then voltage stability is improved, but apparent power limit compliance deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage stabilityVSAvoidapparent power limit compliance
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The power factor control module dynamically adjusts reactive power output based on real-time monitoring of apparent power consumption. When apparent power approaches the maximum limit, the system automatically reduces reactive power output to maintain compliance, while still providing sufficient voltage support through coordinated control. This dynamic adaptation resolves the contradiction between voltage stability and apparent power limit compliance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Data Source

PatentEP2315329B1Systems and methods for regulating power in renewable energy sources
Publication Date: 2021.03.31 GENERAL ELECTRIC CO
  • EP2315329B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2315329B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2315329B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Certain embodiments of the invention may include systems and methods for regulating power in renewable energy sources. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a method is provided for regulating active power produced by the renewable energy source (102) towards an apparent power setpoint (104). The method may include selecting (142) voltage regulation based on power factor foldback (126) or voltage foldback (138) associated with the renewable energy source (102). When power factor foldback (126) is selected (142), the method may include regulating the power factor associated with the renewable energy source(102) based at least in part on a power factor angle magnitude setpoint (120), and reducing the power factor angle magnitude setpoint (120) towards zero when apparent power (124) produced by the renewable energy source (102) approaches or exceeds the apparent power setpoint (104). When voltage foldback (138) is selected, the method may include regulating voltage of the renewable energy source (102) based at least in part on measured VARs (150) and an apparent power ratio (136), where the apparent power ratio (136) is about equal to the apparent power (124) divided by the apparent power setpoint (104).