Replica Feedback Biasing for Differential Common-Mode Voltage Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Differential signal processing circuits, such as VGAs and CTLEs, face challenges in maintaining stable common mode voltage levels due to input signal variations and process variations, leading to reduced gain and peaking control, which affects both the circuits' performance and downstream devices.

Innovation Solution

A common mode voltage control circuit is implemented using a replica circuit and feedback control to generate a bias voltage for current-source transistors, regulating the common mode voltage of the output differential signal based on the input common mode voltage, ensuring tight gain and peaking control.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If differential signal processing circuits process input differential signals with varying common mode voltage, then the circuit can handle a wider range of input signals, but the gain and peaking control deteriorates due to varying operating points

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinput signal rangeVSAvoidgain control stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a common mode feedback circuit that senses the output common mode voltage and adjusts the bias voltage of current-source transistors to maintain a stable target common mode voltage. This feedback mechanism compensates for variations in input common mode voltage, ensuring stable gain and peaking control while handling a wide range of input signals.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent dynamically adjusts the bias voltage parameter of the current-source transistors based on the sensed output common mode voltage. By changing this voltage parameter in response to input variations, the circuit maintains stable operating points and consistent gain control across different input conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Adaptability or versatility

If the common mode voltage of output differential signal varies, then the circuit adapts to different load conditions, but the operation of downstream devices is adversely affected

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveload condition adaptationVSAvoiddownstream device operation
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The common mode feedback circuit continuously monitors the output common mode voltage and adjusts the bias voltage to maintain it at a stable target level. This ensures that downstream devices receive signals with consistent voltage levels, preventing adverse effects while still allowing the circuit to adapt to different load conditions through the regulated feedback mechanism.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Ease of manufacture

If process variation occurs in the differential signal processing circuit, then manufacturing flexibility is improved, but significant common mode voltage variation is created

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprocess variation toleranceVSAvoidcommon mode voltage consistency
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The feedback circuit senses the actual output common mode voltage resulting from process variations and adjusts the bias voltage to compensate for these variations. This automatically corrects for manufacturing tolerances and ensures consistent common mode voltage levels despite process variations during manufacturing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Data Source

PatentEP3437187B1System and method for controlling common mode voltage via replica circuit and feedback control
Publication Date: 2021.11.24 QUALCOMM INC
  • EP3437187B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3437187B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3437187B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The disclosure relates to a system and method for controlling a common mode voltage of an output differential signal of a differential signal processing circuit. The differential signal processing circuit includes two load devices (RL1, RL2), two input transistors (M11, M12), and two current-source transistors (M21, M22) coupled in series between voltage rails, respectively. A replica circuit includes replica load device (RLR), replica input transistor (M1R), and replica current-source transistor (M2R) coupled in series between the voltage rails. The common mode voltage (VICM) of the input differential signal is applied to the replica input transistor (M1R) to generate a replica output common mode voltage. A feedback circuit generates a bias voltage for the replica current-source transistor (M2R) and the current-source transistors (M21, M22) of the differential circuit to control the output common mode voltage of the replica circuit and the differential signal processing circuit.