Reservoir Heating Element Circuit Topology for Power Modulation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing heating systems for fluid tanks, such as those used in vehicular urea solutions, lack sufficient flexibility in modulating power dissipation between different parts of the tank, leading to inefficient heating and potential overheating or power wastage.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating a third resistive element in parallel with a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) element and a first resistive element, forming a series connection, allowing for controlled power distribution and continued operation at high resistivity values, enhancing the heating system's flexibility and efficiency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If a PTC element is used in series with a filter heater to limit current, then the tank heater can regulate current flow, but the system lacks freedom in modulating power dissipation in different parts of the tank

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower modulation freedomVSAvoidheating system structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The heating system is divided into three separate resistive elements (first, second, and third heating elements) that can be independently controlled. This segmentation allows each element to be modulated separately, providing freedom in power distribution to different tank regions while maintaining manageable system complexity through modular design.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system employs dynamic control of the third resistive element connected in series with the parallel combination of first and second elements. By varying the resistance of the third element, the system dynamically adjusts current distribution and power dissipation across the heating elements, enabling flexible power modulation without increasing structural complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Reliability

If the PTC element reaches very high resistivity values, then current is substantially limited, but the heater shuts off instead of continuing to operate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheating operation continuityVSAvoidheating rate at high temperature
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The third resistive element acts as an intermediary that maintains circuit continuity when the PTC second element reaches high resistivity. This intermediary element ensures current can still flow through the circuit, allowing the heating system to continue operating at reduced rather than zero power, thus maintaining reliability and productivity even at elevated temperatures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The system is designed to anticipate the PTC element reaching high resistivity by having the third resistive element ready to maintain circuit operation. This preliminary configuration ensures that when the PTC element's resistance increases, the heating system seamlessly transitions to continued operation through the third element rather than shutting off, preserving both reliability and productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration provides greater control over power dissipation, ensuring efficient heating of the fluid tank, preventing freezing, and optimizing energy use by adjusting power distribution based on temperature, thus ensuring liquidity and reducing unnecessary energy consumption.

Implementation Method 1

a first resistive element for heating a first part of said tank and a second resistive element for heating a second part of said tank

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJoule heating: Joule Heating

Implementation Method 2

a second resistive element for heating a second part of said tank, said second resistive element having a positive temperature coefficient

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPositive temperature coefficient: Thermo-resistive Effect

Data Source

PatentEP2516811B1Reservoir and tank equipped with a self-regulating heating element
Publication Date: 2014.10.29 PLASTIC OMNIUM ADVANCED INNOVATION & RES SA
  • EP2516811B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2516811B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2516811B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A reservoir for holding a quantity of fluid within a tank, said reservoir being equipped with a first resistive element (R3) for heating a first part of said tank and a second resistive element (R2) for heating a second part of said tank, said second resistive element having a positive temperature coefficient, characterized in that said reservoir further comprises a third resistive element (R1) for heating said second part of said tank, said second resistive element and said third resistive element forming a parallel circuit, and said first resistive element being connected in series with said parallel circuit.