3D Printing Resin Polymerization Above Glass Transition

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional additive manufacturing methods, such as indirect stereolithography and DLP, often suffer from delamination issues due to tension buildup and uneven layer density, resulting in decreased product quality and strength.

Innovation Solution

The method involves polymerizing the resin at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the polymerized resin, enhancing flowability and reducing moisture content, which prevents tension buildup and improves layer adhesion, leading to increased density and reduced delamination in the final product.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Stability of the object's composition

If polymerization is performed at room temperature, then the resin maintains structural stability, but tension builds up during polymerization causing delamination and cracking

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveresin structural stabilityVSAvoidlayer attachment strength
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the temperature parameter from room temperature to above the glass transition temperature of the resin. This parameter change allows the resin to maintain flowability during polymerization, preventing tension buildup while ensuring strong layer attachment. The temperature parameter is specifically controlled to be above Tg but below degradation temperature.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent makes the resin dynamic by keeping it above its glass transition temperature during polymerization. This allows the resin to remain in a more flexible, flowable state rather than being rigid, enabling it to accommodate polymerization shrinkage and reduce internal tensions that cause delamination.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Device complexity

If polymerization is performed at room temperature, then the process is simple, but the layer density is uneven causing delamination issues

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprocess simplicityVSAvoidlayer density uniformity
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the temperature parameter to above the glass transition temperature, which fundamentally alters the resin's flow characteristics. This ensures uniform layer density by maintaining resin flowability during polymerization, eliminating the density unevenness that causes delamination, while the process remains relatively simple.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Strength

If the resin is polymerized at elevated temperature, then flowability increases improving layer adhesion, but the resin may degrade

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelayer adhesionVSAvoidresin stability
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent precisely controls the temperature parameter within a specific range: above the glass transition temperature to ensure flowability and strong adhesion, but below the degradation temperature to maintain resin stability. This controlled parameter change resolves the contradiction between improved adhesion and potential degradation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach results in three-dimensional objects with improved strength, reduced delamination, and enhanced quality by ensuring stress-free and homogeneous microstructure, particularly effective for small particles like zirconia, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride.

Implementation Method 1

a photoinitiator which forms free radicals upon absorption of radiation and initiates polymerization of the monomer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotopolymerization: Photopolymerisation

Implementation Method 2

at a temperature above room temperature and above the glass transition temperature of the polymerized resin

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGlass transition:

Data Source

PatentEP3849780B1Three-dimensional object and manufacturing method thereof
Publication Date: 2024.06.12 ADMATEC EURO
  • EP3849780B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2

AI summary

The present invention concerns a method for the manufacture of a three-dimensional object, comprising (a) providing a three-dimensional model of the object, which divides the object in voxels; (b) applying a first layer of a radiation-curable slurry onto a target surface, wherein the slurry contains a polymerizable resin and a photoinitiator; (c) polymerizing the resin by illuminating the voxels of the first layer in accordance with the model with radiation at a temperature above room temperature and above the glass transition temperature of the polymerized resin, to cause polymerization of the resin to form a cross-linked polymeric matrix; (d) applying a subsequent layer of the slurry on top of the first layer; (e) polymerizing the resin by scanning the voxels of the subsequent layer in accordance with the model with radiation at a temperature above room temperature and above the glass transition temperature of the polymerized resin, to cause polymerization of the resin to form a cross-linked polymeric matrix; (f) repeating steps (d) and (e), wherein each time a subsequent layer is applied onto the previous layer, to produce a green body; and optionally (g) debinding and (h) sintering of the three-dimensional object. The invention further concerns the three-dimensional object obtained thereby and an additive manufacturing system suitable for performing the method according to the invention.