Respirator Airway Pressure Sensing for Trigger Synchronization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing respirator systems face delays and inaccuracies in determining inspiratory and expiratory triggers due to conduit system leaks, water accumulation, and vibration, leading to patient-respirator asynchrony and ineffective triggers.
Innovation Solution
A respirator system that utilizes pressure changes, such as esophageal, intrapulmonary, or intragastric pressure, to identify inspiratory and expiratory triggers, reducing delays and inaccuracies by directly measuring the patient's respiratory effort.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If air passage pressure or air passage flow velocity is used to determine inspiratory trigger or expiratory switching, then the trigger determination can be implemented, but there is a delay between the measured signal and actual trigger effort due to respiratory muscle contraction reflection time
Solution Approach 1:
The patent measures pressure changes at the airway opening before the patient's respiratory effort is fully reflected in air passage flow velocity, allowing the respirator to anticipate the trigger moment. By detecting the pressure change trend and magnitude that precedes actual airflow changes, the system performs preliminary detection of respiratory intent, eliminating the delay caused by waiting for muscle contraction to propagate to the air passage.
2Reliability
If a conduit system with a gasbag is used for airtightness, then ventilation can be maintained, but leakage occurs causing inaccurate in vitro monitoring signals and incorrect trigger or trigger delay
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the measurement function from the conduit system by placing a pressure sensor directly at the airway opening, separate from the ventilation conduit and gasbag system. This isolation allows accurate monitoring of pressure changes at the patient interface without interference from leakage in the ventilation pathway, resolving the contradiction between maintaining ventilation through the conduit and achieving accurate monitoring signals.
3Ease of operation
If water accumulation or vibration occurs in the conduit, then the conduit system remains functional, but incorrect trigger or trigger delay occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an intermediary measurement point at the airway opening that is directly coupled to the patient's respiratory system but isolated from the conduit system. This intermediary location allows accurate detection of pressure changes caused by patient respiratory effort without being affected by water accumulation or vibration in the ventilation conduit, maintaining both conduit functionality and measurement precision.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Accurately identifies inspiratory and expiratory triggers, improving patient-respirator synchronization, reducing delays and incorrect triggers, and enhancing respiratory support.
Implementation Method 1
a pressure sensor, configured for measuring a pressure change in an airway of the patient
Data Source
AI summary
The disclosure provides a respirator, which includes a ventilation device, configured for providing ventilation airflow to a patient. The respirator further includes a first monitor, configured for monitoring a pressure or a flow velocity with which the ventilation device ventilates the patient, and a second monitor, configured for measuring a pressure change that reflects a self-respiratory effort of the patient. The respirator also includes a processor, configured for identifying an inspiratory trigger moment or an expiratory trigger moment of the patient according to the pressure change that reflects the self-respiratory effort of the patient.