Voluntary Action Intention Detection Using Respiratory-Neural Coupling

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Existing brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) primarily rely on brain signals, disregarding respiratory and cardiac signals as physiological noise, despite evidence suggesting they impact voluntary actions and readiness potentials (RPs), lacking a clear association between respiration and voluntary action, which is crucial for improving BMI reliability and understanding unconscious-to-conscious signal processing.

Innovation Solution

A method and system that determine the intention of performing a voluntary action by analyzing the coupling between respiratory phases and neuroelectrical signals, specifically using respiratory signals to modulate Readiness Potential (RP) amplitude and Event-Related Desynchronization (ERD) power, establishing a time-based correlation to predict voluntary actions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If respiratory and cardiac signals are treated as physiological noise in BMIs, then device complexity is reduced, but measurement precision and reliability of voluntary action detection deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveBMI system complexityVSAvoidvoluntary action detection precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent converts the previously harmful respiratory and cardiac signals (treated as noise) into beneficial information sources. By analyzing the coupling between respiratory phases and neuroelectrical signals, the system transforms what was considered physiological interference into a reliable indicator for detecting voluntary action intention, thereby improving measurement precision without significantly increasing system complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces respiratory signals as an intermediary element that mediates between the brain's voluntary action intention and the BMI system. By using respiratory phase information as a mediator to modulate and interpret neuroelectrical signals, the system achieves more accurate detection of voluntary actions while maintaining a relatively simple implementation architecture

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Ease of operation

If only brain signals are used in BMIs, then ease of operation is maintained, but reliability of action prediction deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveBMI operation simplicityVSAvoidaction prediction reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges brain signals with respiratory and cardiac signals into a unified analysis framework. By combining multiple physiological signal sources that are naturally coupled during voluntary actions, the system improves prediction reliability while maintaining ease of operation through integrated signal processing that leverages the natural correlations between these physiological parameters

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Reliability

If respiratory signals are analyzed to determine voluntary action intention, then reliability and measurement precision improve, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoluntary action detection reliabilityVSAvoidsignal processing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-processing and analyzing respiratory signals to extract phase information before combining them with neuroelectrical signals. This preliminary extraction of respiratory phase characteristics simplifies the subsequent analysis and reduces the computational complexity of the overall system while maintaining improved reliability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP4099901B1Method and system for determining the intention of performing a voluntary action
Publication Date: 2026.04.01 ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE (EPFL)
  • EP4099901B1 patent drawingFigure 1a~2c
  • EP4099901B1 patent drawingFigure 3a~3c
  • EP4099901B1 patent drawingFigure 4a~5

AI summary

The invention relates to methods and systems for determining the intention of a subject to perform a voluntary action based on the analysis of the subject's respiratory phases and neuroelectrical signals.