Manual Resuscitator Piston Volume Control for Tidal Regulation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Pressure-only regulated manual resuscitators can lead to over-inflation of smaller patients' lungs, such as infants, due to their more compliant lung tissue, and rapid changes in lung compliance during intubation and surfactant administration, necessitating control of tidal volume rather than just pressure.
Innovation Solution
A manual resuscitator design featuring a piston in a cylinder with a volume adjuster to control the maximum displacement volume, allowing for precise adjustment of tidal volume based on patient size, eliminating the need for an inflatable air bladder.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If pressure-only regulation is used in manual resuscitators, then pressure control is achieved, but tidal volume cannot be controlled leading to over-inflation risk in smaller patients
Solution Approach 1:
The device is divided into two independent control systems: a pressure regulation valve for pressure control and a volume adjuster with piston-cylinder mechanism for volume control. This segmentation allows each parameter to be controlled independently, preventing over-inflation by decoupling pressure and volume regulation functions.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the control parameter from pressure-only to include both pressure and volume parameters. The volume adjuster allows operators to set a maximum tidal volume parameter, while the pressure regulation valve maintains pressure within safe limits, providing comprehensive control over ventilation parameters.
2Ease of operation
If a piston-cylinder mechanism with volume adjuster is added, then tidal volume control is achieved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The volume adjuster mechanism is nested within the existing pressure regulation assembly. The piston-cylinder volume control system is integrated into the manifold structure, with the volume adjuster positioned adjacent to the pressure regulation valve, creating a compact combined control unit that reduces overall device complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The manifold serves multiple functions: it acts as the structural body of the resuscitator, houses both the pressure regulation valve and volume adjuster mechanism, and provides fluid communication pathways for gas flow. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate components, simplifying the overall device structure.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables safe and controlled ventilation by allowing operators to select a specific tidal volume, reducing the risk of over-inflation and hypocarbia, particularly in smaller patients, while maintaining optional pressure regulation for comprehensive control.
Implementation Method 1
pressurized gas introduced into the actuation chamber causes the piston to travel toward the front end of the cylinder and force gas out of the ventilation chamber
Data Source
AI summary
Manual resuscitators, ventilation control assemblies, and methods suitable for delivering a volume-controlled tidal volume of air to a patient's lungs. Such a resuscitator has a piston that pushes a selected volume of air out of a ventilation chamber of a cylinder in response to pressurized gases being introduced into an actuation chamber of the cylinder. A volume adjuster adjusts the maximum tidal volume of patient air that the piston pushes out of the ventilation chamber by adjusting the maximum length of the piston stroke in the cylinder. The volume adjuster may have a bypass mode that allows the manual resuscitator to operate without volume control. The manual adjuster may also be pressure regulated by one or more pressure regulation valves.