Retroreflector Elements for Multi-Axis Position Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing optical position measuring devices require optical scanning from multiple sides to detect an object's position in multiple spatial degrees of freedom, which is not always feasible due to structural constraints and increases the object's mass with the need for deflection mirrors, and complex calculations are required for single-direction scanning solutions.

Innovation Solution

An optical position measuring device that uses a scanning plate with integrated diffractive retroreflector elements and scales on the object, allowing optical scanning from a single direction to detect movement in multiple degrees of freedom by superimposing partial beams of rays, eliminating the need for heavy deflection mirrors and complex calculations.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If optical probing is performed from multiple sides to detect position in multiple degrees of freedom, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity and manufacturing difficulty increase due to the need for deflecting mirrors and complex alignment

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveposition detection accuracyVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines multiple measurement functions into a single retroreflector element that integrates both the retroreflection function and the beam deflection function. The retroreflector contains multiple retroreflective surfaces arranged to deflect beams along different measurement directions, eliminating the need for separate deflecting mirrors and reducing system complexity while maintaining the capability to measure multiple degrees of freedom

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The retroreflector element is designed to perform multiple functions simultaneously: it provides retroreflection to return the measurement beam to the source, and it contains multiple retroreflective surfaces that deflect the beam along different measurement directions. This multi-functional design eliminates the need for multiple separate components and simplifies the overall system architecture

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Measurement precision

If deflecting mirrors are added to the object for multi-directional scanning, then measurement capability is improved, but the object's mass increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemulti-axis position detectionVSAvoidobject mass
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the deflecting mirror functionality into the retroreflector element itself. The retroreflector contains multiple retroreflective surfaces that perform the beam deflection function that would otherwise require separate deflecting mirrors. This integration eliminates additional heavy components while maintaining the capability to detect motion in multiple directions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Measurement precision

If optical scanning is performed from multiple sides, then complete position detection is achieved, but accessibility requirements increase making the solution inapplicable to certain designs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespatial position detectionVSAvoiddesign adaptability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of requiring multiple scanning directions as in conventional solutions, the patent inverts the approach by using a single scanning direction with a retroreflector that contains multiple retroreflective surfaces. These surfaces deflect the single incoming beam along different measurement directions, achieving complete spatial position detection while maintaining a single-sided scanning configuration that is adaptable to various design constraints

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

4Adaptability or versatility

If single-direction optical scanning is used to improve accessibility, then adaptability is improved, but calculation complexity increases to determine position signals

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoptical accessibilityVSAvoidcalculation complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The retroreflector element is designed to automatically provide the correct beam deflection geometry through its physical structure. The multiple retroreflective surfaces are arranged in specific orientations that inherently encode the measurement direction information. This geometric encoding simplifies the calculation process compared to systems requiring complex software-based reconstruction from arbitrary multi-directional measurements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables precise detection of an object's position in multiple spatial degrees of freedom with a compact system, reducing the need for complex adjustments and increasing accessibility, as only one side of the object needs to be optically accessible.

Implementation Method 1

a scanning plate (20), into which at least first and second retroreflector elements (21, 22) are integrated, wherein the first retroreflector element (21) extends parallel to the first direction of extension and the second retroreflector element (22) extends parallel to the second direction of extension and undergoes back reflection in the direction of the respective measuring scale via the partial beams incident on it from the first and second scales

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBack reflection: Retroreflector

Implementation Method 2

The retroreflector elements are designed as diffractive retroreflector elements, wherein several diffractive elements are arranged on a first side of the scanning plate and at least one reflector element is arranged on the opposite second side of the scanning plate

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffraction: Diffraction

Data Source

PatentEP2746731B1Optical position measurement device
Publication Date: 2020.03.25 DR JOHANNES HEIDENHAIN GMBH
  • EP2746731B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2746731B1 patent drawingFigure 2a~2b
  • EP2746731B1 patent drawingFigure 2c

AI summary

The optical position measuring device has a light source and a material measure arranged at object (10), which extends along an extension direction and comprises division regions periodically arranged along the extension direction. Another material measure is arranged at the object and extends along another extension direction. A scanning plate (20) is provided, in which three retroreflector elements (21,22,23) are integrated. The former retroreflector element extends parallel to former extension direction and the later retroreflector element extends parallel to later extension direction.