Reversed Combustion Prechamber Ignition Torch
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Current ignition prechambers are not suitable for mass-produced automotive engines operating at variable speeds and loads, leading to inefficiencies in fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, and face challenges with cold starts and incomplete combustion due to the reverse direction of combustion.
Innovation Solution
The valve ignition prechamber with a reversed direction of combustion design includes a lamination cavity, a pilot charge injector, and a lamination valve that controls the formation of a torch-ignition prechamber, allowing for efficient ignition of the main charge by reversing the combustion direction to start in the lamination duct near the gas ejection orifices, enhancing combustion homogeneity and reducing unburnt gas emission.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If combustion starts in the lamination cavity and propagates toward the gas ejection orifices, then the spark plug can be positioned away from the orifices, but a significant portion of unburnt pilot charge is emitted into the combustion chamber, reducing ignition efficiency
Solution Approach 1:
The patent inverts the normal combustion propagation direction by positioning the spark plug near the gas ejection orifices instead of in the center of the lamination cavity. This causes combustion to start near the orifices and propagate toward the cavity center, ensuring that burnt gases are emitted first followed by the pilot charge, rather than emitting unburnt charge as in conventional designs.
2Use of energy by moving object
If the main charge is diluted with air or flue gases, then engine efficiency increases due to reduced pumping losses and favorable thermodynamic coefficient, but the combustion rate decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a pilot charge of highly flammable combustible agent-fuel mixture into the lamination cavity before the diluted main charge. This pilot charge burns rapidly and emits hot ignition torches that ignite the diluted main charge, enabling rapid combustion despite the main charge being diluted with air or flue gases for improved engine efficiency.
3Productivity
If turbulent movements (tumble, swirl, squish) are applied to the main charge, then sufficient residual turbulence remains for rapid combustion, but heat exchange between the main charge and inner walls increases, adversely affecting efficiency
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the turbulence-generating function from the main charge preparation phase and relocates it to the ignition phase. The pilot charge combustion generates intense localized turbulence directly at the gas ejection orifices where ignition occurs, eliminating the need for tumble, swirl, or squish movements of the main charge and thereby reducing heat exchange losses with the combustion chamber walls.
4Reliability
If a lamination valve is added to control prechamber formation, then ignition efficiency improves through controlled torch emission, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The lamination valve is designed to operate automatically based on pressure differential between the lamination cavity and combustion chamber. During the intake stroke, higher combustion chamber pressure keeps the valve closed. During the exhaust stroke, lower combustion chamber pressure automatically opens the valve, enabling controlled torch emission without requiring external actuation mechanisms.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design improves combustion efficiency by increasing the average temperature of ignition torches, reducing burn time, and balancing torch power, leading to better engine performance and reduced emissions, while being cost-effective for mass production.
Implementation Method 1
a pilot charge consisting of a highly flammable combustible agent-AF fuel mixture
Implementation Method 2
following its ignition, the combustion of said pilot charge ejects a significant part of said charge in the form of hot ignition torches into said combustion chamber
Implementation Method 3
said valve being capable, depending on a pressure differential between said lamination cavity and said combustion chamber, of either closing said lamination duct
Data Source
AI summary
The valve ignition prechamber (1) with a reversed direction of combustion includes a lamination cavity (6) in which opens a pilot charge injector (32), and said cavity (6) being connected to a combustion chamber (5) of an internal combustion engine by a lamination duct (7), which, when opened by a lamination valve (13), forms with the latter a torch-ignition prechamber while an inverter housing (93) containing an ignition pilot charge (27) and accommodating ignition means (11) is housed in the lamination cavity (6) with which it forms a late combustion volume, said housing (93) comprising a main ejection nozzle (94) which can emit a pre-ignition torch in the direction of the lamination duct (7), the volume swept by said torch forming an early combustion volume.