Reversible Inverter Droop Control Threshold Adaptation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Reversible IGBT inverters in railway substations face issues with energy recovery losses, parasitic loop currents, and inflexible control due to fixed triggering thresholds, leading to inefficiencies in braking energy conversion and potential damage to electrical components.

Innovation Solution

A method and device for controlling a reversible inverter in droop mode, where the triggering threshold is adjustable based on measured current and voltage, allowing it to adapt to variations in off-load DC voltage, reducing energy losses and loop currents, and optimizing energy conversion into alternating energy.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If a predefined voltage threshold is used for triggering energy recovery, then the control is simple, but energy recovery losses increase when the threshold is too high compared to reference voltage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol simplicityVSAvoidbraking energy recovery losses
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dynamics by making the triggering threshold voltage variable rather than fixed. The threshold is dynamically adjusted based on the ratio between no-load DC voltage and rated DC voltage, allowing the system to adapt to different operating conditions. This resolves the contradiction by enabling simple control through a clear algorithm while minimizing energy losses through adaptive threshold selection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the parameter of triggering threshold voltage from a constant value to a variable value that depends on the no-load DC voltage. By expressing the threshold as a function of the ratio between actual and rated voltages, the system optimizes energy recovery across varying operating conditions while maintaining straightforward control logic.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Loss of energy

If a low triggering threshold is used, then more braking energy is recovered, but parasitic loop currents increase between inverter and rectifier

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebraking energy recovery lossesVSAvoidparasitic loop current
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent resolves this contradiction by dynamically adjusting the triggering threshold parameter based on the no-load DC voltage. The threshold is set to a specific ratio (0.95-1.05) of the no-load voltage, which prevents it from being too low (causing loop currents) while still enabling effective energy recovery when conditions are appropriate.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The system uses feedback by continuously monitoring the no-load DC voltage and adjusting the triggering threshold accordingly. This closed-loop approach ensures the threshold adapts to real-time conditions, preventing parasitic currents while maximizing energy recovery when the voltage ratio indicates favorable conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Ease of operation

If the triggering threshold is fixed relative to no-load DC voltage, then control is straightforward, but adaptability to voltage variations decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol straightforwardnessVSAvoidadaptability to voltage variations
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dynamics by making the triggering threshold adaptive to voltage variations. The threshold is expressed as a dynamic value based on the ratio between actual no-load DC voltage and rated DC voltage, allowing the system to automatically adapt to different voltage conditions while maintaining simple control through a clear calculation rule.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

4Stability of the object's composition

If threshold voltage is not adjusted, then system operation is stable, but energy recovery efficiency decreases under varying load conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem operation stabilityVSAvoidenergy recovery efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent resolves this contradiction by implementing a dynamic adjustment mechanism for the triggering threshold that maintains system stability through a systematic approach. The threshold is adjusted based on the ratio of actual to rated voltage, providing a stable and predictable control strategy that adapts to varying load conditions without causing operational instability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Data Source

PatentEP3926784B1Method for controlling a reversible droop-controlled inverter
Publication Date: 2023.04.19 SNCF RESEAU
  • EP3926784B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3926784B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3926784B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

The invention relates to a method (100) for controlling a reversible inverter, controlled by droop, associated with a substation supplying a section of railway track, said reversible inverter being used for energy recovery during braking within said section, triggered beyond a voltage (V0), called threshold voltage, bounded by a minimum voltage (Vomin) and a maximum voltage (Vomax) defined with respect to said threshold voltage (Vo), said method comprising at least one iteration of an adjustment phase (102) of said threshold voltage (Vo) of said inverter and comprising the following steps: - measurement (104) of a current (Im) supplied by said substation to said section of railway track; - measurement (106) of a DC voltage (Vm) supplied by the substation to said section of railway track;- assignment (108) of the measured value of said DC voltage to said threshold voltage (Vo) when: • the measured current (Im) is strictly less than a predefined current value (I0) for said substation, called the threshold current, and corresponding to an open-circuit voltage of said substation, and • said DC voltage (Vm) is strictly greater than the minimum threshold (V0min). It also concerns a device (400) implementing such a method (100).