RF Power Amplifier AM-PM Compensation Using Biased MOSCAPs

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Solution Overview

Problem

Designing a satisfactory power amplifier for electronic devices with wireless communications capabilities is challenging due to amplitude modulation to phase modulation (AMPM) distortion caused by non-linear input capacitance.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating an amplitude modulation to phase modulation (AMPM) distortion compensation circuit with n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs) configured to receive a bias voltage, which can be coupled to the input or output terminals of the power amplifier to mitigate distortion.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If a power amplifier is designed to amplify radio-frequency signals, then the signal power is increased, but amplitude modulation to phase modulation (AMPM) distortion is generated due to non-linear input capacitance

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal powerVSAvoidAMPM distortion
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies AMPM compensation circuits that convert the harmful AMPM distortion into beneficial phase correction. The compensation circuits generate opposite phase shifts that cancel out the distortion caused by non-linear input capacitance, effectively converting the harmful effect into a corrective mechanism that improves signal fidelity while maintaining power amplification

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces intermediate compensation circuits as mediators between the power amplifier stages. These circuits include series capacitors and parallel resonant circuits that act as intermediaries to pre-correct the signal phase before amplification, thereby eliminating the need for the amplifier itself to generate distortion in the first place

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Measurement precision

If compensation circuits are added to reduce AMPM distortion, then the error vector magnitude (EVM) is improved, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveerror vector magnitudeVSAvoidcircuit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs parameter changes by adjusting capacitor values and resonant frequencies to optimize compensation effectiveness. By carefully selecting component parameters, the design achieves effective AMPM distortion cancellation using minimal circuit elements, thereby improving EVM without proportionally increasing device complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies partial compensation strategies where only the dominant AMPM distortion components are corrected rather than attempting to eliminate all distortion. This selective approach achieves sufficient EVM improvement for practical applications while avoiding the complexity of comprehensive distortion cancellation circuits

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively reduces undesired AMPM distortion, improving the error vector magnitude (EVM) and phase response of radio-frequency signals, thereby enhancing the performance of the power amplifier.

Implementation Method 1

The compensation circuit may include one or more n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs). The n-type MOSCAPs may be configured to receive a bias voltage at their gate terminals or may be configured to receive a bias voltage at their body terminals.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Data Source

PatentEP4148991A1Radio-frequency power amplifier with amplitude modulation to phase modulation (am-pm) compensation
Publication Date: 2023.03.15 APPLE INC
  • EP4148991A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4148991A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4148991A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An electronic device may include wireless circuitry with a processor, a transceiver, an antenna, and a front-end module coupled between the transceiver and the antenna. The front-end module may include one or more power amplifiers (50) for amplifying a signal for transmission through the antenna. A power amplifier (50) may include a phase distortion compensation circuit (58). The phase distortion compensation circuit (58) may include one or more n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (N1, N2) configured to receive a bias voltage (Vbias). The bias voltage (Vbias) may be set to provide the proper amount of phase distortion compensation.