RF Amplifier Combining for Real-Time Plasma Source Impedance Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Plasma processing systems face instability due to variations in load impedance, leading to mismatched source and load impedance, which results in fluctuations in power delivery and potential system shutdowns, as conventional power generators struggle to control source impedance in real-time across a wide range of operational conditions.

Innovation Solution

A power supply system utilizing multiple RF amplifiers with asymmetrical power profiles, where the output power from each amplifier can be independently controlled to adjust the source impedance in real-time by altering the ratio of their combined output, using a combiner circuit and phase delay networks to match the source impedance to the load impedance, thereby stabilizing the plasma process.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional power generators are used, then the system structure is simple, but the source impedance cannot be controlled in real-time leading to impedance mismatch and system instability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem stabilityVSAvoidpower supply system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The power supply system is divided into multiple RF amplifiers (first and second amplifiers) with different power profiles. Each amplifier operates independently with controllable output, allowing the combined system to achieve impedance control capabilities that individual amplifiers cannot provide alone. This segmentation enables real-time source impedance adjustment while maintaining system stability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The outputs of multiple RF amplifiers are combined through a combiner circuit to create a unified power output with controllable source impedance. By merging the outputs of amplifiers with different power profiles and adjusting their relative contributions, the system achieves real-time impedance matching capabilities while delivering stable power to the plasma load.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Adaptability or versatility

If the power delivery system uses multiple RF amplifiers with independent control, then real-time source impedance control is achieved, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesource impedance control rangeVSAvoidamplifier control system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically adjusts the output power of each RF amplifier based on real-time plasma load conditions. The controller continuously monitors plasma impedance and modifies the power distribution among amplifiers to maintain optimal source impedance matching. This dynamic adaptation enables the system to handle varying plasma conditions while providing real-time impedance control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes operational parameters (output power levels of individual amplifiers) to achieve different source impedance values. By adjusting the power contribution of each amplifier, the system can tune the overall source impedance to match varying plasma load impedances, extending the operational range without requiring complete system redesign.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If impedance matching is not implemented, then the system is simpler, but power delivery fluctuations and system shutdowns occur due to impedance mismatch

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontinuous operation reliabilityVSAvoidimpedance matching system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system implements feedback control by monitoring plasma load impedance and adjusting the output power of individual RF amplifiers accordingly. The controller uses this feedback information to maintain optimal source impedance matching, preventing power delivery fluctuations and system shutdowns. This closed-loop control ensures continuous reliable operation while adapting to changing plasma conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Data Source

PatentEP3782184B1System and method for control of high efficiency generator source impedance
Publication Date: 2023.08.23 AES GLOBAL HLDG PTE LTD

AI summary

A power supply system controls the source impedance of a generator in real time utilizing two amplifiers having asymmetrical power profiles in reference to a nominal load impedance that are diametrically opposite in reference to the nominal load impedance. Variations in power profiles may be achieved by using different topologies for each of the amplifiers or implementing a phase delay network. The output power from the first and second amplifiers may be combined using a combiner circuit or device and the output power from the combiner is transmitted to a plasma load. The output power of each amplifier may be independently controlled to alter one or more characteristics of the output power signal provided by the individual amplifiers. By changing the ratio of the output power of the first amplifier to the output power of the second amplified, the source impedance of the generators may be varied in real time.