RF Power Amplifier Linearization With Feedback-Feedforward Topology

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current radio frequency power amplifier linearization techniques face challenges such as sensitivity to drift, stability issues, limited bandwidth, and increased circuit complexity and power dissipation, particularly in high-bandwidth applications like 802.11ac wireless communication standards.

Innovation Solution

A radio frequency power amplifier system incorporating a main amplifier and two auxiliary amplifiers with a feedback network and a feedforward amplifier, where the ratio of gains between the amplifiers is controlled to linearize the output signal, allowing indirect feedback and feedforwarded deviation to improve the transfer function and suppress non-linearities across a wider frequency range.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If pre-distortion technique is used to linearize the power amplifier output signal, then the linearity of the output signal is improved, but the system becomes sensitive to drift (e.g., temperature drift) and requires initial calibration and training

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelinearity of output signalVSAvoidsensitivity to drift
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs feedback networks that continuously monitor the output signal and adjust the input signal accordingly. This closed-loop approach automatically compensates for drift in temperature and other environmental conditions, eliminating the need for recalibration while maintaining high linearity. The feedback mechanism dynamically adapts to changing conditions, resolving the contradiction between achieving precision and maintaining reliability under varying conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Reliability

If Cartesian feedback system is used to linearize the power amplifier, then drift issues are eliminated, but stability problems and limited bandwidth occur

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedrift compensationVSAvoidsystem stability
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the feedback system into multiple parallel feedback networks, each handling specific frequency bands or signal components. This segmentation allows each feedback path to be optimized for stability within its designated range while collectively providing broad bandwidth coverage. By distributing the feedback function across multiple independent paths, the system maintains stability without sacrificing bandwidth or drift compensation capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Manufacturing precision

If linear feedback is used to linearize the power amplifier, then superior linearization performance is achieved, but the system becomes difficult to stabilize under different load conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelinearization performanceVSAvoidstability under different load conditions
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic feedback networks that automatically adjust their characteristics based on detected load conditions. The feedback paths can modify their gain, bandwidth, or activation state in response to changing load impedances, ensuring stable operation across diverse conditions while maintaining superior linearization performance. This dynamic adaptation resolves the contradiction by making the system both high-performance and highly adaptable.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

4Manufacturing precision

If feedback network is added to linearize the power amplifier, then linearity is improved, but circuit complexity and power dissipation increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelinearity of output signalVSAvoidcircuit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines multiple feedback functions into integrated circuit blocks that perform multiple operations simultaneously. By merging the feedback network with existing amplifier stages or combining multiple feedback paths into a unified structure, the patent reduces the overall circuit complexity and component count while maintaining the linearity improvements. This integration approach minimizes the increase in device complexity despite adding feedback functionality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Data Source

PatentEP3719993B1A radio frequency power amplifier system and a method of linearizing an output signal thereof
Publication Date: 2022.12.07 QUANTALRF AG
  • EP3719993B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3719993B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP3719993B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

The present disclosure relates to a radio frequency power amplifier system (200) comprising a first (114) and a second input port (121). The radio frequency power amplifier system (200) comprises a main amplifier (101) having an input (107) and an output (108) and a first (102) and a second auxiliary amplifier (122) having respective inputs (109, 129) and outputs (110, 128). The radio frequency power amplifier system (200) comprises an internal load (103) connected to the output (110) of the first auxiliary amplifier (102), a feedback network (104) having an input end (111) connected to the output (110) of the first auxiliary amplifier (102) and an output end (112) connected to the input (109) of the first auxiliary amplifier (102). The radio frequency power amplifier system (200) also comprises a feedforward amplifier (123) having an input (124) and an output (130). The inputs (107, 129, 109) of the main amplifier and the auxiliary amplifiers are interconnected with the first input port (114) at a common input node (113), the output (128) of the second auxiliary amplifier (122) and the second input port (121) are interconnected with the input (124) of the feedforward amplifier (123) at a common node (127) and the outputs (130,108) of the feedforward amplifier (123) and the main amplifier (101) are interconnected at a common output node (125). The main amplifier (101) is a replica of the first auxiliary amplifier (102) with an increased gain and the second auxiliary amplifier (122) is a replica of the first auxiliary amplifier (102).