RF Antenna Sensors for Adaptive Tuning Near External Objects

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Solution Overview

Problem

Electronic devices with wireless communications circuitry face challenges in forming antenna structures that are both compact and insensitive to their position relative to external objects, leading to potential detuning and suboptimal performance.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating radio-frequency signal sensors to measure and correlate antenna signals with near-field and far-field radiation patterns, allowing for the adjustment of tunable circuits, antenna switching, and beam steering operations to optimize wireless performance and ensure compliance with regulatory power limits.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Volume of moving object

If antennas are made compact, then device size is reduced, but antenna performance becomes sensitive to position relative to external objects

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveantenna sizeVSAvoidantenna performance stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic adjustment of antenna operating parameters (such as resonant frequency and impedance) based on real-time detection of external objects. The system continuously monitors the electromagnetic environment and retunes the antenna parameters to maintain optimal performance regardless of the antenna's position relative to external objects, thereby resolving the contradiction between compact size and performance stability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs feedback mechanisms where the detected electromagnetic field characteristics from external objects are fed back to the antenna tuning circuit. This closed-loop system automatically adjusts antenna parameters in response to changing environmental conditions, ensuring stable performance even when the antenna is positioned close to external objects, thus overcoming the position sensitivity issue inherent in compact antenna designs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Device complexity

If antenna parameters are fixed, then device complexity is reduced, but antenna performance cannot adapt to changing operating environments

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveantenna system complexityVSAvoidantenna environmental adaptability
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the operating parameters of the antenna dynamically based on the detected electromagnetic environment. By adjusting parameters such as resonant frequency, impedance matching, and element configuration in response to external objects, the antenna system achieves adaptability to different operating environments. This parameter adjustment capability is implemented through programmable tuning circuits that modify antenna characteristics without requiring complete hardware reconfiguration, thus balancing complexity and adaptability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enables improved antenna performance by dynamically adjusting antenna settings based on the operating environment, ensuring efficient wireless operation and compliance with regulatory power limits, even when the device is adjacent to users or other external objects.

Implementation Method 1

radio-frequency signal sensors to measure and correlate antenna signals with near-field and far-field radiation patterns

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic radiation detection: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP3188369B1Wireless electronic device with radio-frequency sensors
Publication Date: 2024.04.24 APPLE INC
  • EP3188369B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3188369B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3188369B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An electronic device may be provided with wireless circuitry. The wireless circuitry may include one or more antennas. The electronic device may have a housing in which control circuitry and radio-frequency transceiver circuitry is mounted. The transceiver circuitry may be used to transmit and receive radio-frequency signals using the antennas. The electronic device may have radio-frequency sensors (146, 146'). The radio-frequency sensors may include current sensors, voltage sensors, power sensors, sensors with taps and switching circuitry that tap signals flowing in a signal path and that may make measurements such as impedance measurements, and radio-frequency sensors (146, 146') with sensor antennas (152) and associated sensor circuits (150) that measure radio-frequency signals received using the sensor antennas (152). The control circuitry may make wireless circuit adjustments based on measured radio-frequency signals.