RF Control System for Plasma Etching Impedance Matching

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional RF power delivery systems face challenges in efficiently controlling RF impedance matching networks, particularly in plasma etching, due to varying impedance of the plasma load, which affects power coupling and introduces complexity and cost in both continuous wave and pulse mode operations.

Innovation Solution

A unified RF power delivery system with a single input and multiple outputs, where the RF generator controls both the tuning elements and output ratios, using internal and external feedback loops to adjust the impedance matching network dynamically, and employs advanced control algorithms to minimize phase differences and maximize power transfer.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If a single RF generator output is applied to a matching network to provide multiple RF feeds to plasma chambers, then device complexity is reduced, but power transfer efficiency deteriorates due to varying impedance of the plasma load

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveRF power system complexityVSAvoidpower transfer efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The matching network incorporates dynamically adjustable impedance matching elements (such as variable capacitors or inductors) that can be tuned in real-time to match the varying impedance of the plasma load across multiple RF feeds, thereby maintaining optimal power transfer efficiency despite the simplified single-generator architecture

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system employs feedback mechanisms where sensors monitor the impedance of each plasma chamber load, and this information is fed back to the matching network to automatically adjust the impedance matching parameters, ensuring efficient power transfer is maintained dynamically across all RF feeds

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Productivity

If sensors and actuators respond on the timescale of RF pulses (1 kHz-10 kHz) to maintain plasma, then power coupling efficiency is optimized, but device complexity and response time requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower coupling efficiencyVSAvoidcontrol system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The matching network is designed with pre-configured impedance matching elements and control algorithms that anticipate the required adjustments for pulse RF operation, allowing the system to maintain optimal power coupling efficiency without requiring complex real-time control mechanisms for each pulse cycle

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Measurement precision

If transmitted and reflected power sensors are calibrated for matched termination, then measurement accuracy is improved, but power delivery variability increases due to impedance mismatch compensation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower measurement accuracyVSAvoidpower delivery stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically adjusts the calibration parameters of the power sensors based on the actual impedance conditions of the plasma load, allowing accurate power measurement to be maintained across varying impedance conditions without introducing variability in power delivery

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances power transfer efficiency, reduces complexity and cost, and effectively manages impedance variations in both continuous wave and pulse mode operations, ensuring stable plasma conditions and improved manufacturing precision.

Implementation Method 1

The matching network matches an input impedance of the matching network to a characteristic impedance of a transmission line between the RF generator and the matching network

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectImpedance matching: Electrical Impedance Tomography

Implementation Method 2

The electric field is generated based on RF power signals generated by a radio frequency (RF) generator of a RF power system

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRF power generation: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 3

In plasma etching, ions are accelerated by an electric field to etch exposed surfaces on a substrate

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIon acceleration: Lorentz Force

Implementation Method 4

using internal and external feedback loops to adjust the impedance matching network dynamically

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFeedback control: Feedback

Data Source

PatentEP3323140B1Radio frequency control system and method for controlling the same
Publication Date: 2023.03.08 MKS INSTR INC
  • EP3323140B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3323140B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3323140B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

A radio frequency (RF) control system including a RF generator having a power amplifier that outputs a RF signal and a controller. A matching network receives the RF signal and generates a plurality of RF output signals. The matching network includes a ratio tuning element to vary a ratio of power between the plurality of RF output signals. The first controller communicates a ratio control signal to the matching network, and the matching network controls the ratio tuning element in accordance with the ratio control signal. The RF controls system operates in a continuous and pulse mode of operation. The controller can also control the rise or fall of a pulse edge or a level or duration of incremental changes in the pulse edge.