RF Proximity Sensing via Channel Perturbation for Power Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing wireless communication devices face challenges in efficiently detecting the presence, proximity, and location of objects, which affects transmit data rates, latencies, and signal quality, particularly in environments with varying RF exposure limits.

Innovation Solution

The use of proximity detection techniques based on perturbations in the channel model between transmit and receive antennas, employing RF couplers and diversity paths to sense channel perturbations due to nearby objects, allowing for adjustments in transmission power and antenna configurations to maintain compliance with RF exposure limits and enhance data rates.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If transmit power is increased to improve data rates, then productivity increases, but RF exposure limits may be violated causing harmful effects

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransmit data rateVSAvoidRF exposure
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The system continuously monitors channel perturbations caused by nearby objects and dynamically adjusts transmit power accordingly. When an object is detected through channel model analysis, the system reduces power to comply with RF exposure limits, and increases power when objects are absent to maximize data rates, creating a closed-loop feedback control system

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the transmit power parameter dynamically based on detected object proximity. By analyzing perturbations in channel model parameters (such as amplitude and phase changes), the system adapts the transmission power level to maintain optimal performance while staying within safety regulations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If object detection accuracy is improved to optimize power management, then reliability increases, but device complexity increases due to additional sensing requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveobject detection accuracyVSAvoiddetection system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses the existing wireless communication channel for dual purposes: both data transmission and object detection. By analyzing perturbations in the communication channel itself, the system performs proximity detection without requiring separate dedicated sensing hardware, thus maintaining reliability while avoiding increased device complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The communication channel serves itself by providing detection information through its own perturbations. The channel's natural response to nearby objects (changes in amplitude, phase, and other characteristics) is directly utilized for detection purposes, eliminating the need for external sensing systems

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enhances transmit data rates and signal quality by accurately detecting object proximity, enabling effective power management and compliance with RF exposure regulations, thereby optimizing communication performance.

Implementation Method 1

The receive path is configured to receive a reflected portion of a transmit signal from an object located in proximity to the portable apparatus

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReflection: Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP4327464B1Proximity detection
Publication Date: 2026.04.22 QUALCOMM INC
  • EP4327464B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4327464B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4327464B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide object detection based on perturbations in a channel model over time. An example portable apparatus includes a primary antenna, a secondary antenna, a transmit path, a radio frequency (RF) coupler, and a receive path. The transmit path is coupled to the primary antenna and configured to output a transmit signal for transmission via the primary antenna. The RF coupler is coupled to the secondary antenna. The receive path has an input selectively coupled between the transmit path and the RF coupler such that when the receive path is coupled to the RF coupler and configured to operate concurrently with the transmit path, the receive path is configured to receive a reflected portion of the transmit signal from an object located in proximity to the portable apparatus.