Multi-Path RF Rectifier With Impedance Matching for Variable Loads
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing AC to DC converters face significant efficiency reductions due to variations in load impedance and input power, leading to suboptimal power transfer, especially in scenarios where load resistance and input power levels are not constant.
Innovation Solution
The implementation of multiple AC to DC converters with different impedance matching networks and a combiner, allowing each path to be optimized for specific characteristics, and adjusting output resistances to match varying input power and load conditions, thereby maintaining high conversion efficiency across a wide range of parameters.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If a single AC to DC converter with fixed impedance matching is used, then the circuit is simple, but conversion efficiency degrades significantly when load impedance or input power varies
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides a single converter into multiple parallel AC to DC converter paths, each with its own impedance matching network. This segmentation allows each path to be optimized for specific operating conditions, resolving the contradiction by maintaining high efficiency across varying loads through modular architecture rather than a single fixed converter.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements dynamic switching between different converter paths based on real-time detection of input power level and load impedance. This dynamic adaptation allows the system to select the optimal converter path for current conditions, maintaining high conversion efficiency while managing complexity through intelligent control rather than static design.
2Adaptability or versatility
If multiple AC to DC converter paths with different impedance matching networks are implemented, then conversion efficiency is maintained across varying conditions, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
Each converter path is designed with locally optimized impedance matching networks tailored to specific operating conditions. This local quality approach allows each path to excel at its designated operating point while the system as a whole achieves versatility across varying conditions, balancing adaptability with manageable complexity through specialized modules.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a universal converter system where multiple specialized paths work together to handle diverse operating conditions. Each path serves a specific function optimized for particular conditions, but collectively they provide universal adaptability across the full range of input power and load impedance variations.
3Loss of energy
If impedance matching is optimized for a specific operating point, then conversion efficiency is maximized at that point, but efficiency drops when operating conditions change
Solution Approach 1:
The patent incorporates detection circuitry that monitors input power level and load impedance, providing feedback to the switching control. This feedback mechanism enables the system to detect changes in operating conditions and switch to the appropriate converter path, maintaining high conversion efficiency and consistent performance across varying conditions through closed-loop control.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution achieves conversion efficiencies of at least 50% over a broad range of input power levels and load resistances, reducing impedance mismatches and maintaining consistent performance even with variable conditions, such as in RF power harvesting applications.
Implementation Method 1
The transmitted RF power is captured by an antenna and rectified using a number of disclosed circuits to provide Direct Current (DC) to a load
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus for converting power includes at least one impedance matching network which receives an electrical signal. The apparatus includes at least one AC to DC converter in communication with the impedance matching network. Also disclosed is a method for powering a load and an apparatus for converting power and additional embodiments of an apparatus for converting power.