RF Amplifier Data Stream Alignment with Low-Skew Clocking

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Solution Overview

Problem

Radio-frequency signals and control signals arriving at a power amplifier in electronic devices may not be temporally aligned, leading to degraded performance due to timing misalignment caused by temperature and voltage variations.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a circuit design with first and second digital-to-analog converters (DACs) and constant latency control (CLC) and clock domain crossing (CDC) circuits to synchronize data streams to the radio-frequency and control inputs of the amplifier, using a common clocking interface with low skew reference clock signals to mitigate timing misalignments.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If separate clock trees are used for different data streams, then each data stream can be independently clocked, but timing misalignment occurs between radio-frequency and control signals at the power amplifier input

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveindependent clocking capabilityVSAvoidtiming alignment precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple separate clock trees into a unified clock distribution system that provides a common reference clock signal to all data streams. This is achieved by introducing a master clock signal that distributes timing references to both radio-frequency and control signal paths, ensuring synchronized timing while maintaining independent signal processing capabilities.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces delay compensation circuitry as an intermediary element between the clock distribution system and the data streams. This intermediary component actively adjusts and equalizes the timing of different data streams to compensate for path delays, ensuring that radio-frequency and control signals arrive at the power amplifier input simultaneously without requiring complete clock tree integration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Manufacturing precision

If delay compensation is implemented to correct timing misalignment, then timing alignment improves, but circuit complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetiming alignment precisionVSAvoidcircuit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies delay compensation locally at specific critical points in the signal path where timing misalignment occurs, rather than implementing a global timing adjustment system. Delay compensation circuitry is strategically placed in the control signal path to match the timing of radio-frequency signals, providing precise timing correction only where needed without adding complexity throughout the entire system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent dynamically adjusts timing parameters such as delay values and clock phase offsets to compensate for temperature and voltage variations. By making timing parameters adjustable and adaptive rather than fixed, the system maintains precise timing alignment under varying operating conditions without requiring a completely complex reconfigurable circuit architecture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentUS20250348108A1Wireless Circuitry with Time Aligned Data Streams
Publication Date: 2025.11.13 APPLE INC
  • US20250348108A1 patent drawing
  • US20250348108A1 patent drawing
  • US20250348108A1 patent drawing

AI summary

A radio-frequency amplifier can have a radio-frequency input configured to receive a radio-frequency signal and a control input for receiving a control signal. The radio-frequency signal can be generated using a first group of digital-to-analog converters (DACs), whereas the control signal can be generated using a second set of DACs. Data intended for the first group of DACs can be fed through a first set of retiming circuits and a first crossbar circuit. Data intended for the second group of DACs can be fed through a second set of retiming circuits and a second crossbar circuit. A low skew clocking interface and constant latency control and clock domain cross circuits can be employed to ensure that data streams arriving at the first group of DACs are time aligned with data streams arriving at the second group of DACs.