RF Switch Circuit Topology for Uniform ESD Switching Voltage

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Solution Overview

Problem

Radio frequency switch circuits face challenges in dissipating electrostatic discharge (ESD) due to voltage transient changes, resulting in uneven switching voltages across transistors, which affects their response and ESD dissipation capability.

Innovation Solution

A radio frequency switch circuit design featuring two series connection groups with transistors, where control terminals of each group are coupled to separate control nodes, ensuring different voltages during ESD events, thus maintaining relatively uniform switching voltages and enhancing ESD dissipation capability.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If transistors are connected in series with commonly coupled control terminals, then the circuit structure is simple, but the switching voltages become uneven during ESD events

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecircuit structureVSAvoidswitching voltage uniformity
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the series circuit into multiple groups, where each group has its own control terminal. This segmentation allows different control voltages to be applied to different groups, enabling independent optimization of switching behavior for each group during ESD events while maintaining overall circuit functionality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies different control voltages to different groups of transistors based on their specific positions and ESD exposure conditions. Groups closer to the ESD entry point receive higher control voltages, while groups farther away receive lower control voltages, creating a localized quality distribution that optimizes switching uniformity across the entire series circuit.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Quantity of substance

If the number of transistors in series increases, then the voltage division effect becomes more pronounced, but the switching voltage difference between transistors increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenumber of transistorsVSAvoidswitching response consistency
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

By segmenting the large number of series transistors into multiple groups with separate control terminals, the patent prevents the cumulative voltage division effect from causing excessive switching voltage differences. Each group can be controlled independently, ensuring consistent switching responses even when the total number of transistors is large.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the control voltage parameter for different groups of transistors based on their position in the series connection. This parameter adjustment compensates for the voltage division effect, ensuring that all transistors switch uniformly regardless of the total number of transistors in the circuit.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Device complexity

If commonly coupled control terminals are used, then the control signal distribution is simple, but the ESD dissipation capability is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol signal distributionVSAvoidESD dissipation capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the control signal distribution into multiple independent control terminals, each managing a specific group of transistors. This segmentation enables optimized ESD protection for each group, improving overall ESD dissipation capability while maintaining reasonable control signal distribution complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies different control voltages to different groups based on their local ESD exposure conditions. Groups experiencing higher ESD stress receive appropriate control voltages to ensure proper switching, thereby enhancing the overall ESD dissipation capability of the circuit.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The design improves the uniformity of switching voltages across transistors, enabling them to respond consistently to ESD events and enhance the circuit's ESD dissipation capability.

Implementation Method 1

the ESD voltage VESD may be coupled to the control terminals of the transistors T1 to T8 through the parasitic capacitance of the transistor T1

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectParasitic capacitance: Parasitic Capacitance

Implementation Method 2

the sources of the transistors T1 to T8 have different voltages based on voltage division of the transistors T1 to T8

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Data Source

PatentEP4429111A1Radio frequency switch circuit
Publication Date: 2024.09.11 RICHWAVE TECH CORP
  • EP4429111A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4429111A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4429111A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A radio frequency switch circuit (100) includes a series circuit (110_1 to 110_4, 210, 310, 410). The series circuit (110_1 to 110_4, 210, 310, 410) includes a first series connection group (211, 311, 411) and a second series connection group (212, 312, 412). The first series connection group (211, 311, 411) includes first transistors (T1_1 to T4_1). The second series connection group (212, 312, 412) includes second transistors (T1_2 to T4_2). When an electrostatic discharge event occurs, a voltage at control terminals of the first transistors (T1_1 to T4_1) are different from a voltage at control terminals of the second transistors (T1_2 to T4_2). In a normal operation state, switch states of the first series connection group (211, 311, 411) and the second series connection group (212, 312, 412) are the same as each other.